Conceptualizing Permatourism

Ferreira, Bruno; Morais, Duarte B.; Brothers, Gene L.; Brookins, Craig C.; Jakes, Susan

doi:10.1108/s2042-144320210000012013

Cited by 5 publications

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“…We posited that low bridging social capital limits opportunities for farmers to model entrepreneurial behavior from business partners and to receive positive encouragement from supporting organizations, thus impeding the development of the farmers’ microentrepreneurial self-efficacy and their intentions to start tourism enterprises on the farm. We drew on social cognitive theory ( Bandura, 1977 ), social capital theory ( Bourdieu, 1986 ), and permatourism ( Ferreira et al, 2021 ) to propose that resources should be directed to programs and initiatives that foment and nurture symbiotic relationships between farmers, business partners, and public agencies, to boost farmers’ social exchange opportunities across power and authority gradients in the tourism business ecosystem ( Li and Barbieri, 2020 ). Such exchanges are important sources of self-efficacy through several mechanisms, which positively influence the development of entrepreneurial intentions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study used a mixed-methods approach to explore the extent to which farm-based tourism entrepreneurial intentions can be predicted by the strength of bridging ties with public sector support agencies (e.g., extension agents and DMOs), formal private sector partners (e.g., farm-to-table chefs), and with other peers (e.g., other farmers involved in farm tourism microentrepreneurship). Importantly, these three levels of potential farm partnerships represent, respectively, Zones 1–3 under the permatourism paradigm ( Ferreira et al, 2021 ). In the model proposed, social capital predicts both dimensions of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, internal and external factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Rodriguez-Giron and Vanneste (2019) contend that social capital at destinations resides in three levels of social ties: internal ties in a group, bridging horizontal ties with new actors or groups, and linking vertical ties with actors or groups in power or control of critical resources. Similarly, Ferreira et al (2021) posit that the success of grassroots tourism initiatives depends on the ability of microentrepreneurs to establish symbiotic relationships with actors in three tiers of the permatourism model, namely, other microentrepreneurs, formal private tourism sector actors, and support organizations (e.g., DMOs). Permatourism is a destination management framework that pursues the complementarity between formal private and public actors, local microentrepreneurs, and grassroots community social structures ( Ferreira and Brothers, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-Efficacy Mechanism in Farm Tourism Microentrepreneurship

et al. 2022

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Tourism microentrepreneurship is an important farm diversification strategy, also contributing to the competitiveness of the destination. However, psychological and structural constraints seem to hold back farmers when it comes to starting or expanding tourism operations. We argue that social capital derived from farmers’ social networks affords sources of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, which boosts entrepreneurial intention. Analysis of survey data from 207 farmers in North Carolina revealed an adequate SEM model fit and strong significant relationships between bridging social capital and tourism microentrepreneurial self-efficacy. Internal self-efficacy factors were strongly and significantly associated with entrepreneurial intention. Triangulation with qualitative data from participatory-action research reinforced the importance of informal networking processes to model entrepreneurial behavior that boosts self-efficacy and reaffirms microentrepreneurial intentions. However, external self-efficacy was not significantly associated with farmers’ entrepreneurial intentions, which may be attributable to ambiguous agritourism policy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-Efficacy Mechanism in Farm Tourism Microentrepreneurship

et al. 2022

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“…Despite the challenges in transmitting the benefits of tourism to local food producers, research has shown that surplus food production and the use of local food by the tourism industry can shift tourism relations from conflict to symbiosis (Muangasame & Park, 2019). Ferreira et al (2021) pointed out the benefits of host community-driven food systems such as the one Monteverde is working toward. Ferreira et al called for the "the formal tourism sector to embrace the sociocultural characteristics of the host community and grassroots business development strategies … to align local microentrepreneurs with expected business opportunities generated by big tourism investments" (2021, p. 165).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food democracy as food security strategy: The case of a Costa Rican tourism town

Little,

Horn,

Sit

2024

J. Agric. Food Syst. Community Dev.

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Tourism communities such as Monteverde, Costa Rica, the site of this study, have been profoundly impacted by the loss of tourism revenue during COVID-19. Faced with intensified food insecurity caused by the cascading impacts of this pandemic, the community has organized initiatives to stimulate local, sustainable food production to increase food security during the COVID-19 economic recovery. This paper adopts a food democracy framework to analyze restaurants’ regional food purchases, barriers to local purchasing, and tourists’ interest in and ability to identify local food products. Our findings show that nearly all restaurant owners identified benefits of purchasing regional food but reported multiple barriers to buying locally. Tourists reported high interest in eating locally produced food but do not have enough information to identify farm-to-fork options. Local food initiative stakeholder interviews show that emergent strategies demonstrate a move toward food democracy actions by promoting communication and co-learning between restaurants, food producers, and tourists to reinforce principles of food democracy. Based on our findings, we recommend (a) strengthening producer-to-restaurant networks, (b) enhancing communication of local food production benefits and responsibilities to restaurants, and (c) promoting the locally made certification for restaurants to strengthen localized food networks and direct tourists to transformative food strategies underway in Monteverde.

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“…At this point, it is possible to ask, what is the relationship between the four helix model with tourism and the STEs? A particular and novel branch of tourism called permatourism is responsible for analyzing the relationship between the actors of the tourism dynamics, both formal and informal, through the creation and promotion of meaningful and functional relationships between them [13,37], and these relationships can be seen from the perspective of the sustainability and the model of the four helixes through the central elements described above. This research is also related to sustainable tourism, since it deals with an ejido that migrates from natural resource depredation activities to their preservation, which is part of its tourism offer that generates economic benefits for the community [38,39].…”

Section: Quadruple-helix Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the 4 Helix Model on the Sustainability of Tourism Social Entrepreneurships in Jalisco and Nayarit, Mexico

2022

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Given the uncertain outlook caused by COVID-19, it is important to carry out a review of the conditions in which the collective enterprises are influenced by the four helix model, specifically those dedicated to the sector most affected by the pandemic, tourism, for which raises the question: What have been the results of the four helix model in the social tourism entrepreneurships (STE) of Jalisco and Nayarit? In addition to: the participation of the actors of the four helix model has contributed to face the repercussions of COVID-19? The objective is to identify stakeholder input from the core elements of the four helix model and sustainability to the STEs during COVID-19. The methodology used was qualitative and involved the comparison of information from 12 key stakeholders from the government, social, academic and private sectors through Atlas.ti-8. Some results indicate that from the perception of the participants interviewed, the COVID-19 crisis has promoted innovation, support, and incentives among the four helixes, in which the STEs have benefited. As conclusions, the four helix model is functional to face the adversities of COVID-19 as long as there is planning within the entrepreneurships and the link with said model helix participants.

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Conceptualizing Permatourism

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Self-Efficacy Mechanism in Farm Tourism Microentrepreneurship

Self-Efficacy Mechanism in Farm Tourism Microentrepreneurship

Food democracy as food security strategy: The case of a Costa Rican tourism town

Impact of the 4 Helix Model on the Sustainability of Tourism Social Entrepreneurships in Jalisco and Nayarit, Mexico

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