Craniofacial and dental manifestations of triple X syndrome associated with congenital hypothyroidism: a case report

Abstract

Triple X syndrome (47,XXX) is a numerical chromosomal alteration that affects 1/1,000 women, in which the woman is born with an extra X chromosome. Some oral changes have been reported in the literature, as hypodontia, influence on deposition of crown enamel and discrepancies in cephalometric measurements. Other systemic complications may lead to oral abnormalities similar to those seen in triple X patients, such as congenital hypothyroidism (CH). This paper reports a triple X syndrome case associated with CH later treated. Besides delay in cognitive and intellectual development, the patient had changes in teeth development and in cephalometric measurements with deficiencies in the maxilla and mandible. This is the first report of a triple X syndrome associated with CH. Both conditions may result in changes in dentofacial development.

Do prenatal and postnatal hypothyroidism affect the craniofacial structure?: An experimental study

“…Bizygomatic width * Welch's statistics. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 p adj , 0.05 (gender comparisons in each group). a.b,c,d,e,f,g,h,I,j,k,l,m,n,o p adj .…”

“…HT has detrimental effects on tooth development and eruption, which leads to prolonged retention of deciduous teeth and impaction of permanent teeth, resulting in malocclusion. [4][5][6] Oral effects of HT include enlargement of the tongue, thick lips, dysgeusia, poor periodontal health, and delayed wound healing. 2,5,7 HT can occur either as a congenital or as an acquired condition.…”

Symptomatic Mandibular Fibrous Dysplasia With Concurrent Triple X- and Premutation Stage Fragile-X-Syndrome: Case Report With Short Literature Survey

“…From this, it was deduced that TXS may develop midfacial hypoplasia, becoming evident in the analysis of the sagittal dimension. Likewise, sagittal underdevelopment ('length') of the mandible was found to be more common in TXS than in controls (11). It is possible that TXS patients have a shorter skull base than controls (112).…”

“…Most reports about TXS focus on neurodevelopmental disorders (5,7). However, other features such as malformations and metabolic alterations (7)(8)(9)(10)(11), and immunological diseases (8) are also part of the TXS spectrum. The relationship between TXS and neoplasms has barely been studied.…”

Oral and systemic manifestations of congenital hypothyroidism in children. A case report.

“…Endocrine disruptions have great medical and dental significance, and it is important to implement the most favorable dental approach to treat these patients 7 . Table 1 shows systemic and oral manifestations of HTC.…”