Curcumin inhibits bovine herpesvirus type 1 entry into MDBK cells

Abstract

Summary. -The generation of antiviral drugs from herbs and other natural resources with traditionally longconfirmed effects is an efficient approach. So far, no herb or components from herbs that could inhibit bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) replication have been described. In this study, the antiviral effect of curcumin, a natural phenolic constituent of the spice turmeric, on BoHV-1 replication was evaluated in cell culture. We demonstrated that curcumin impairs BoHV-1 viral particles and affects the virus post-binding entry process. Furthermore, curcumin upregulated the proportion of the plasma membrane adopting a lipid raft conformation in MDBK cells, which supported the previous reports that curcumin can modulate the lipid bilayer. Though the antiviral mechanism of curcumin on BoHV-1 needs further study, we identified for the first time a component from herb that could inhibit BoHV-1 replication, in vitro.Keywords: BoHV-1; curcumin; lipid raft; virus entry * Corresponding author. E-mail: yzgqzhu@yzu.edu.cn; phone: +86-514-87311374. Abbreviations: BoHV-1 = bovine herpesvirus type 1; CTB-FITC = fluorescent cholera toxin B subunit; DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide; HSV = herpes simplex virus; MβCD = methyl-β-cyclodextrin; MDBK = Madin-Darby bovine kidney; MOI = multiplicity of infection; MTT = 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide; p.i. = post infection; TCID 50 = tissue culture infection dose 50%

Curcumin as an Antiviral Agent

“…Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) incubated directly with 10 µM of curcumin caused a significant reduction in viral titer as analyzed by TCID 50 [23]. However, curcumin did not reduce BoHV-1 titer during a binding assay, suggesting curcumin does not prevent viral attachment but, rather, may be affecting internalization.…”

“…In Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cells, 10 µM of curcumin significantly reduced viral titer when applied at the time of infection, but it had no significant effect when added immediately after the one h incubation of cells with the virus inoculum. The authors speculate that curcumin may be inhibiting BoHV-1 infection by upregulating lipid raft formation, a process they previously reported to be disrupted during BoHV-1 infection [23,77]. Reolon et al [78] evaluated the co-encapsulation of acyclovir, an approved pro-drug that inhibits HSV replication [79], and curcumin into three microparticle (MP) formulations composed of the polymers hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Eudragit ® RS100, or both for efficacy against BoHV-1.…”

Efficacy of curcumin/turmeric on liver enzymes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

“…Curcumin has a polyphenol structure and has been traditionally used as a household treatment for various diseases 12 . Several studies suggested that curcumin has antimicrobial, 13 anti-inflammatory, 14 antioxidant,15, 16 immunomodulatory, 17 renoprotective, 18 anti-cancer, 19 hepatoprotective, 20 phypoglycaemic 21 properties which are acts through signaling pathways and regulating gene expression 22 …”

Spices-Reservoir of Health Benefits

“…Curcumin is effective in the management of virus infections as it inhibited Zika and Chikungunya virus at a concentration of 5 μM (IC50 = 1.9 and 3.89 μM respectively) [31], herpes simplex virus [32] and dengue virus [33]. Further, it inhibited human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) integrase and protease suggesting its protective effects against AIDS [34,35].…”