Degradation of Food Manufacturing Wastes by a Fungal Isolate

Abstract

Food manufacturing wastes, such as olive mill solid waste, tomato pomace and grape pomace are three wastes produced by food industries in the Region of Maule. One of the simplest strategies for the proper disposal of these residues is to directly eliminate them by cultivation with degrading mesophilic microorganisms, which use these wastes as their sole carbon source. A fungal strain was isolated from tomato peel and used to degrade food manufacturing wastes. This strain was effective in degrading olive mill solid waste, but partially degraded both grape and tomato pomace. Based on mycelium morphology, sequence of part of the ribosomal and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA, the strain most probably belongs to Botrytis genera. This is the first report that uses a strain similar to Botrytis in degrading food manufacturing wastes from the Region of Maule.

Isolation of nativeClostridiafor utilization of agroindustrial cherry waste into butanol

“…Total carbohydrates were quantified using the Dubois phenol‐sulfuric method . Two milliliters of sample was mixed with 1 mL of 5% ( w / v ) phenol aqueous solution in a test tube and 5 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid was added.…”

“…Total carbohydrates were quantified using the Dubois phenol-sulfuric method. 22,23 Two milliliters of sample was mixed with 1 mL of 5% (w/v) phenol aqueous solution in a test tube and 5 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid was added. The tube was left for 10 minutes at rest and finally vortexed for 30 seconds and placed for 20 minutes in a water bath at room temperature.…”

Cellulases Production by a Trichoderma sp. Using Food Manufacturing Wastes

“…For solid-medium experiments, a 0.4 mm 2 area of a PDA plug containing the mycelium was extracted and placed on the surface of plates containing Mandel medium, 4% agar, and 0.5% FMWs. Mycelium radial growth was monitored each day by measurement of the colony diameter [26]. For the analysis of the presence of fungal cellulases on the plates, the Congo red protocol was performed according to Zeng et al [27].…”

“…DNA was resuspended in Milli-Q water, quantified using Nanodrop 2000 (Thermo Scientific, Delaware, USA), and visualized using 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. Aliquots were used in PCR reactions using ITS-1 (5 -TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3 ) and ITS-4 (5 -TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3 ) primers [26]. The obtained PCR fragment corresponding to the ITS1-5.8-ITS2 ribosomal region was purified using Wizard®SV Gel and PCR Clean-Up System, cloned in pGEMT®-T Vector System I, and used to transform JM101 competent cells.…”