Determinants of Stunting and Child Development in Jombang District

Abstract

Background: Stunting is a very short body state in children that goes beyond the 2 SD deficit below the child population height. Worldwide stunting affects about 162 million children under five. Indonesia is included in 17 countries that have three nutritional problems in children under five: stunting, wasting, and overweight. This study aimed to investigate the determinants of stunting and child development in children under five. Subjects and Method: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at Mayangan and Jarak Kulon Community Health Centers, Jombang, East Java, in Januari 2018. A total sample of 58 children were selected for this study by fixed exposure sampling. The dependent variables were stunting and child development. The independent variables were birth-length, maternal age, maternal height, maternal education, and family income. The data were collected by questionnaire. Data on birth length was taken from maternal and child record at community health center. The data were analyzed by path analysis model. Results: The likelihood of good child development increased with maternal education (b= 1.08; 95% CI= 0.41 to 1.75; p= 0.001) and decreased with stunting (b= -0.78; 95% CI= -1.46 to -0.10; p=0.025). The risk of stunting decreased with birth-length (b= -0.90; 95% CI= -1.60 to -0.21; p=0.011) and maternal height (b=-0.92; 95% CI= -1.69 to -0.16; p=0.018). The risk of stunting increased with maternal age <20 y.0. or ≥35 y.o. at pregnancy (b= 0.73; 95% CI= -0.03 to 1.46; p=0.051). The likelihood of maternal age <20 y.0. or ≥35 y.o. at pregnancy decreased with higher education (b=-0.75; 95% CI= -1.44 to -0.06; p=0.033). Birth-length increased with maternal height (b= 1.07; 95% CI= 0.28 to 1.86; p= 0.008) and higher family income (b=0.93; 95% CI = 0.29 to 1.57; p=0.004). Birth-length decreased with maternal age <20 y.0. or ≥35 y.o. at pregnancy (b=-0.74; 95% CI= -1.48 to -0.01; p=0.047). Conclusion: The likelihood of good child development increases with maternal education and decreases with stunting. The risk of stunting decreases with birth-length and maternal height, and increases with maternal age <20 y.0. or ≥35 y.o. at pregnancy.

Factors Associated with Development in Children Under Five

“…This was due to lack of verbal stimulation between mother and child due to depression which was susceptible to occur in adolescent mothers. A study by Rahmawati et al (2018) stated that maternal age at pregnancy affected child development through birth length.…”

Hubungan Riwayat Imunisasi dengan Status Gizi Balita

“…2 Indonesia termasuk dalam 17 negara yang memiliki tiga masalah gizi pada anak balita: stunting, wasting, dan kelebihan berat badan. 3,4 Laporan Riset Kesehatan Dasar Indonesia tahun 2018 menunjukan prevalensi gizi buruk sebesar 3,8% dan gizi kurang 11,4%. Angka ini turun jika dibanding tahun 2007 yang prevalensi gizi buruk 5,4% dan gizi kurang 13.0% dan tahun 2013 yang prevalensi gizi buruk sebesar 5,7% dan gizi kurang 13.9%.…”

Kejadian Wasting pada Balita Usia 6-59 Bulan

“…1 Indonesia termasuk dalam 17 negara yang memiliki tiga masalah gizi pada anak balita: stunting, wasting, dan kelebihan berat badan. 2,3 Apabila pemberian gizi tidak diberikan secara optimal akan menimbukan masalah gizi masyarakat salah satunya wasting (gizi kurus) pada balita. Wasting (gizi kurus) sebagai bentuk kegagalan untuk mencapai pertumbuhan yang optimal diukur berdasarkan BB/TB.…”