Diel movements of out-migrating Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) smolts in the Sacramento/San Joaquin watershed

Chapman, Eric D.; Hearn, Alex; Michel, C.; Ammann, Arnold J.; Lindley, Steven T.; Thomas, Michael J.; Sandstrom, Philip T.; Singer, Gabriel P.; Peterson, Matthew L.; MacFarlane, R. Bruce; Klimley, A. Peter

doi:10.1007/s10641-012-0001-x

Cited by 48 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…After surgery, we held the tagged individuals in holding pens just below Weir 2 for 12 h before releasing them at 2200 hours (Pacific Standard Time), primarily to ensure that the fish were fully recovered but also because juvenile salmon tend to migrate at night (Chapman et al. ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement and Survival of Wild Chinook Salmon Smolts from Butte Creek During Their Out‐Migration to the Ocean: Comparison of a Dry Year versus a Wet Year

et al. 2018

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California's Central Valley (CCV) Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha stocks have declined substantially since the mid‐1800s, with most listed as threatened or endangered or heavily supplemented by hatcheries. As the largest population of CCV wild spring‐run Chinook Salmon, Butte Creek fish are an important source for promoting life history diversity in the CCV Chinook Salmon community. However, little information exists on Butte Creek juvenile mortality during out‐migration to the ocean, which is considered a critical phase in the overall population dynamics. We used the Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System to track the movement of individual fish, and we used a mark–recapture modeling framework to estimate survival of migrating wild Chinook Salmon smolts from lower Butte Creek to ocean entry at the Golden Gate Bridge. Survival and migration varied significantly among years; in 2015, which was a dry year, Chinook Salmon smolts migrated more slowly throughout their migratory corridor and exhibited lower survival than in a wetter year (2016); among locations, fish migrated faster and experienced higher survival in the lower Sacramento River than in the Sutter Bypass and the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta. Our data suggest that higher flow at release and larger fish lengths both resulted in increased survival. Our findings shed light on a critical phase of wild spring‐run juvenile Chinook Salmon dynamics and could help to inform future restoration and management projects that would improve the survival and abundance of the CCV spring‐run Chinook Salmon populations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement and Survival of Wild Chinook Salmon Smolts from Butte Creek During Their Out‐Migration to the Ocean: Comparison of a Dry Year versus a Wet Year

et al. 2018

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“…Juvenile Chinook salmon do occasionally pause their downstream migration, holding in areas of low water velocity, near shore and often during the day (Chapman et al 2012;Zajanc et al 2013). During these holding periods, fish may repeatedly encounter water diversions located along the riverbank.…”

Section: River Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Can behavioral fish-guidance devices protect juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from entrainment into unscreened water-diversion pipes?

MussenTimothy¹,

PattonOliver

CocherellDennis

et al. 2014

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Entrainment through water-diversion structures is a major passage challenge for fishes in watersheds worldwide. Behavioral guidance devices may be effective in passing fish by diversion inlets, thereby decreasing entrainment without reducing water-diversion rates, but data on their effectiveness is limited. In California's central valley, out-migrating Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) are a species at risk for entrainment through unscreened, small-scale water-diversion pipes. Therefore, we tested entrainment susceptibility and behavior of juvenile Chinook salmon in a large-river-simulation flume at a "river" velocity of 0.15 m·s -1 with a 0.46 m diameter pipe diverting water at 0.57 m 3 ·s -1 , during the day and night. Compared with control conditions (no fish deterrent devices present), mean fish entrainment increased by 61% (day) and 43% (night) when underwater strobe lights were active, decreased by 30% when using a metal vibrating (12 Hz) ring during the night, and was unaffected by velocity cap attachments. Fish entrainments started at water velocities of 0.8 m·s -1 and decreased by 54% from spring to summer, possibly resulting from decreased pipe-passage frequency and smaller fish-school sizes. Our findings suggest that substantial entrainment can occur if fish repeatedly pass within 1.5 m of active unscreened diversions, with an estimated 50% of fish lost after encountering 18 pipes in spring and 50 pipes in summer.Résumé : L'entraînement dans des ouvrages de déviation d'eau constitue une importante difficulté associée au passage des poissons dans les bassins versants du monde entier. Des dispositifs de guidage comportemental pourraient s'avérer efficaces pour favoriser le passage outre par les poissons des entrées de déviation, diminuant du coup le taux d'entraînement sans réduire les débits de déviation d'eau. Les données sur l'efficacité de ces dispositifs sont toutefois limitées. Dans la vallée centrale de Californie, les saumons quinnats (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) en dévalaison constituent une espèce à risque d'entraînement dans les petits tuyaux de déviation d'eau non grillagés. Nous avons donc vérifié la vulnérabilité à l'entraînement et le comportement de saumons quinnats juvéniles dans un canal simulant une grande rivière à une vitesse d'écoulement de cette « rivière » de 0,15 m·s -1 , avec un tuyau de 0,46 m de diamètre servant à dévier l'eau à un débit de 0,57 m 3 ·s -1 durant le jour et la nuit. Comparativement aux conditions de référence (aucun dispositif de dissuasion des poissons), l'entraînement moyen des poissons augmentait de 61 % (jour) et 43 % (nuit) quand des lampes stroboscopiques sous l'eau étaient actives, diminuait de 30 % quand un anneau vibrateur (12 Hz) métallique était utilisé durant la nuit et n'était aucunement influencé par des plaques de déviation apposées à l'entrée des tuyaux. L'entraînement de poissons commençait à des vitesses d'écoulement de 0,8 m·s -1 et diminuait de 54 % du printemps à l'été, possiblement en raison de la diminution de la fréquence des passa...

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“…In addition, predator avoidance behavior could cause the tracks of smolts to be classified as those of predators. Chapman et al [22] found significant differences in migration rates during the day and night for Chinook salmon smolts in the Sacramento River. Chinook salmon migrated further during the night than during daytime hours, suggesting some smolts in our study may have exhibited holding behavior similar to predators during the day when migration may have slowed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying when tagged fishes have been consumed by piscivorous predators: application of multivariate mixture models to movement parameters of telemetered fishes

Romine

Perry

Johnston

et al. 2014

Animal Biotelemetry

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Background: Consumption of telemetered fishes by piscivores is problematic for telemetry studies because tag detections from the piscivore could introduce bias into the analysis of telemetry data. We illustrate the use of multivariate mixture models to estimate group membership (smolt or predator) of telemetered juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), juvenile steelhead trout (O. mykiss), striped bass (Morone saxatilis), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) and spotted bass (M. punctulatus) in the Sacramento River, CA, USA. First, we estimated two types of track statistics from spatially explicit two-dimensional movement tracks of telemetered fishes: the Lévy exponent (b) and tortuosity (τ). Second, we hypothesized that the distribution of each track statistic would differ between predators and smolts. To estimate the distribution of track statistics for putative predators and smolts, we fitted a bivariate normal mixture model to the mixed distribution of track statistics. Lastly, we classified each track as a smolt or predator using parameter estimates from the mixture model to estimate the probability that each track was that of a predator or smolt.

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Diel movements of out-migrating Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) smolts in the Sacramento/San Joaquin watershed

Cited by 48 publications

References 31 publications

Movement and Survival of Wild Chinook Salmon Smolts from Butte Creek During Their Out‐Migration to the Ocean: Comparison of a Dry Year versus a Wet Year

Movement and Survival of Wild Chinook Salmon Smolts from Butte Creek During Their Out‐Migration to the Ocean: Comparison of a Dry Year versus a Wet Year

Can behavioral fish-guidance devices protect juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from entrainment into unscreened water-diversion pipes?

Identifying when tagged fishes have been consumed by piscivorous predators: application of multivariate mixture models to movement parameters of telemetered fishes

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