Dinamika Bentuk-Bentuk Sapaan Sebagai Refleksi Sikap Berbahasa Masyarakat Indonesia

Abstract

Greetings are one of the tangible proofs of human communications. One greets someone else because of the need to communicate. In this communication, the relationship between the two people communicating influences the choice of greeting forms. The selection of a greeting is assumed to be closely related to the language attitudes and perspectives of the speaker in positioning himself against the hearer. During its development, the use of greetings has shown a quite interesting dynamics. This comprises the development of greeting use, shift of greeting reference, and changes in the acts of greeting. This paper aims to describe the term of addressing used by the society, analiyzing manner and logic structure of the term of addressing, also the actualization and the dynamics of the usage of the term of addressing. Furthermore, to obtain varied data the author determines a population consisting of a number of groups, especially university students. This is with the assumption that in addition to their age level where they are highly productive in using greetings, it is also possible that they have example forms of greetings and acts of greeting. Using speech act theory in sociolinguistics approach data was achieved with observation method in questioner and cards of data. The result of classification was analized with introspection, comparation, and equal-referential method which is formed in formal and informal description. From a number of semi-closed questionnaires listing questions about attitudes and selections of greeting the author obtains some results. These are a mapping of common greeting forms used by people in general, the background of common greeting forms used by people, and the actualization as well as dynamics of the use of greeting forms in Indonesian speech society.

Analyzing Address Forms in Chinese and Javanese: A Comparative Study

“…Among them are four categories of address forms as proposed by Li Chunrong: the use of names, titles, kinship terms, and personal pronouns (Chunrong, 2015). Nevertheless, researches on address forms in Javanese mostly divide the category into six: names, kinship terms, fun nicknames (paraban), titles, transposition of adjectives, and irritating nicknames (poyokan) (Wibowo & Retnaningsih, 2015).In spite of this, the address forms in this research are divided into four categories based on the findings and analysis: the second personal pronouns, kinship terms, titles plus names, and nicknames. Moreover, the domains provided are amongst three different areas: at home, school, and work place.…”

“…On the other hand, the use of nicknames in Chinese and Javanese's address forms share most of the similarities for both are used to show greater intimacy between the speaker and the addressee. However, Javanese divide the category of nicknames into paraban and poyokan (Wibowo & Retnaningsih, 2015) that is differentiated by the intention of making a joke or making them angry while Chinese only have one category that is simply used to make fun of the addressee.…”

Indonesian Term of Address Ustad in Film Utterances: Forms, Functions, and Social Values

“…There are several authors that investigated the terms of address in Bahasa Indonesia, such as Kusumaningsih (2015) who examined the use of kinship term as a politeness strategy in campus environment; Wibowo & Retnaningsih (2015) who studied the forms, the background of use, and the change dynamics of terms of address in every day lives, and Gusdian (2016) who examined terms of address predominantly used by the presenters of a TV station. Neither of the three studies discussed the word ustad or ustaz.…”

Bahasa Jawa sebagai Pengikat Kebhinnekaan di Indonesia: Potret Komunikasi antaretnik Masyarakat Keturunan Arab dan Masyarakat Jawa dalam Transaksi Jual-Beli

“…Pertuturan antaretnik pada Ekstrak 1 didominasi oleh penggunaan bahasa Jawa yang dapat diamati dari komposisi diksi atau kosakata yang dipilih oleh penutur dan mitra tutur. Salah satu ciri linguistiknya ialah kata sapaan mbok 'ibu' (yang memiliki bentuk utuh embok) yang merupakan salah satu ciri sapaan yang digunakan kepada perempuan di kalangan masyarakat Jawa (Nurhayati, 2008), meskipun pada perkembangannya saat ini mulai jarang digunakan (Wibowo & Retnaningsih, 2015).…”

“…Di samping itu, penggunaan sapaan mas yang digunakan untuk lelaki (Wibowo & Retnaningsih, 2015) menunjukkan adaptasi yang kuat ke arah bahasa Jawa oleh MKA meskipun pada situasi tersebut lawan bicara tetap menggunakan bahasa Indonesia, tidak beralih ke bahasa Jawa maupun menyisipkan kosakata bahasa Jawa dalam bahasa Indonesia. Apabila pertuturan 11A lawan bicara menunjukkan akomodasi yang simetris, namun pada pertuturan-pertuturan berikutnya lawan bicara menampilkan tindakan nonakomodasi, dengan tetap menggunakan bahasa awalnya.…”