Economic Costs Attributable to Smoking in China: Update and an 8-year Comparison, 2000–2008

Yang, Linlin; Sung, Hai‐Yen; Mao, Zhengzhong; Hu, Teh-wei; Rao, K Yadav

doi:10.1142/9789813108721_0002

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…The comparison of our findings with those of other investigations that estimated costs for the health system is limited, due to aspects that were mentioned in a previous research 44 . It is possible, however, to state that many studies lead to similar results by providing evidence the high economic burden of smoking for countries 45,46,47 . One of the parameters to measure this magnitude is the GDP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Estimativa da carga do tabagismo no Brasil: mortalidade, morbidade e custos

2015

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Os avanços no controle do tabagismo no Brasil podem ser verificados na redução da prevalência nas últimas duas décadas. As estatísticas de óbitos, ocorrência de eventos e custos diretos atribuíveis às doenças tabaco-relacionadas não são estimadas com frequência no país. O objetivo deste artigo foi estimar a carga do tabagismo em 2011, em termos de mortalidade, morbidade e custos da assistência médica das principais doenças tabaco-relacionadas. Desenvolveu-se um modelo econômico baseado em uma microssimulação probabilística de milhares de indivíduos através de coortes hipotéticas que considerou a história natural, os custos diretos em saúde e a qualidade de vida desses indivíduos. O tabagismo foi responsável por 147.072 óbitos, 2,69 milhões anos de vida perdidos, 157.126 infartos agudos do miocárdio, 75.663 acidentes vasculares cerebrais e 63.753 diagnósticos de câncer. O custo para o sistema de saúde foi de R$ 23,37 bilhões. O monitoramento da carga do tabagismo é uma importante estratégica para informar aos tomadores de decisão e fortalecer a política pública de saúde.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…One of the parameters to measure this magnitude is the GDP. In China, the economic impact of smoking represented 0.7% of the GDP in 2008 47 . Our results indicate that in Brazil this impact was 0.5% of the GDP in 2011.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimativa da carga do tabagismo no Brasil: mortalidade, morbidade e custos

2015

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“…The ratio of SHS costs to active smoking costs in our study was higher than a study conducted in Hong Kong, which reported a ratio of 29%. 25 Our study demonstrates that the true impact of smoking on healthcare costs in rural areas would be one third higher than the estimates by Yang et al 24 when the burden of SHS exposure is included. Given that the majority of women and children are nonsmokers and exposed to SHS in rural China, tobacco control interventions that reduce SHS exposure are needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…24 Converting these estimates into 2011 dollars using the Consumer Price Index (105.9 in 2008 and 105.4 in 2011), 17 the healthcare cost of active smoking for rural China would be $3.38 billion. Therefore, our estimated healthcare cost attributable to SHS exposure was more than one-third of the cost of active smoking in rural areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Healthcare Costs of Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Rural China

Yao¹,

Sung²,

Mao³

et al. 2016

Economics of Tobacco Control in China

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Objective-The goal of this study was to assess the healthcare costs attributable to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among nonsmoking adults (age≥19) in rural China.Methods-We analyzed data from the 2011 National Rural Household Survey which was conducted among adults in five provinces and one municipality in China (N=12,397). Respondents reported their smoking status, health conditions and healthcare expenditures. Relative risks were obtained from published sources. Healthcare costs included annual outpatient and inpatient hospitalization expenditures for five SHS-related diseases: asthma, breast cancer (female only), heart disease, lung cancer and tuberculosis. SHS-attributable healthcare costs were estimated using a prevalence-based annual cost approach.Findings-The total healthcare costs of SHS exposure in rural China amounted to $1.2 billion in 2011, including $559.0 million for outpatient visits and $612.4 million for inpatient hospitalizations. The healthcare costs for women and men were $877.1 million and $294.3 million, respectively. Heart disease was the most costly condition for both women ($701.7 Contributor statement: Hu and Mao obtained funding to conduct the National Rural Household Survey and helped collect data; Yao conducted all the data analyses and wrote the first draft of the manuscript; Max and Sung helped design the analytical approach and the data analysis and contributed to the interpretation of the analytical results. All authors provided comments, assisted in revising the drafts, and approved the final manuscript. HHS Public AccessAuthor manuscript Tob Control. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2015 October 01. Conclusion-The adverse health effects of SHS exposure result in a large economic burden in China. Tobacco control policies that reduce SHS exposure could have an impact on reducing healthcare costs in China.

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“…A study published in 2011 reported the total economic cost of smoking in China to be nearly $30 billion and rising, including $22.7 billion in indirect costs (19). Another large-scale study in southwest China reported smoking to be responsible for costs of $95.5 million, including $94.7 million in direct costs, of which over $25 million were associated with COPD (20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden of smoking among adults with COPD, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema in urban China

et al. 2015

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Objective: Tobacco, widely used in China, poses a major risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study assessed health outcomes of COPD-diagnosed smokers vs. never smokers and examined treatment patterns of patients attempting to quit smoking in urban China. Methods: National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS) 2010 and 2012 China data were analysed. Respondents self-reporting diagnosis with COPD, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema were categorised: quit attempters (current smokers 'trying to quit' or non-smokers 'in the process of quitting'), smokers (including quit attempters) and those who never smoked. Respondents reported smoking cessation treatment utilisation; health status: SF-36v2-based scores and SF-6D health utilities; Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire-based metrics; and resource utilisation. Regression modelling assessed health outcomes, controlling for covariates. Results: Among 1421 (3.6%) diagnosed respondents, 51.6% never smoked and 35.5% smoked (of whom, 43.8% were attempting to quit). After adjustments, smokers vs. never smokers had significantly lower health utilities, lower mental/physical health status and greater absenteeism, presenteeism, overall work impairment, activity impairment, emergency room visits, hospitalisations and provider visits. Quit attempters were diagnosed an average 6.9 years (SD = 7.7) previously, with 25.3% reporting moderate/severe COPD. Most-reported main causes of COPD were: smoking (57.5%), illnesses/conditions (53.8%) and pollutants (44.3%). Among quit attempters, 82.8% smoked currently.

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Economic Costs Attributable to Smoking in China: Update and an 8-year Comparison, 2000–2008

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Estimativa da carga do tabagismo no Brasil: mortalidade, morbidade e custos

Estimativa da carga do tabagismo no Brasil: mortalidade, morbidade e custos

The Healthcare Costs of Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Rural China

Burden of smoking among adults with COPD, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema in urban China

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