EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION ON EGGS AND LARVAE OF THE NORTHERN ANCHOVY, <i>ENGRAULIS MORDAX</i>, AND THE PACIFIC MACKEREL, <i>SCOMBER JAPONlCUS</i>, DURING THE EMBRYONIC STAGE*

Hunter, John; Taylor, John; Moser, H. G.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1979.tb07055.x

Cited by 143 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…On the contrary, the RAFs associated with the 2 DNA action spectra (Setlow 1974, Hunter 1979 as well as all RAFs determined for other DNA-related effects (Madronich 1993) were much greater than our estimate. BWF are a function of the absorption spectra of the target molecule and the negative impact of the energy absorbed onto the process studied (e.g.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…1992); (c) diatom (Phaedactylum sp.) and (d) dinoflagellate (Prorocentrum micans); (e) DNA damage in anchovy eggs and larvae (Hunter 1979, redrawn from Smith & Baker 1982; and ( f ) the naked DNA damage as onginally described by Setlow (1974) allow for enhancement of primary production by the longest wavelengths of UVR, expressed as: Quantifying how sensitive the determination of the BWF was to a change in the inhibition input parame-ters FITnm required a realistic estimate of the error around FIT,, as well as a Tvay to quantify the assoclated change in the BWF. We chose the RAF as an estimator of the general shape of the BWF As described above, the residuals from the linear fit used to determine FIT,,, represented -10% of the signal.…”

Section: Bwf and Raf For Antarctic Phytoplanktonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An in situ biological weighting function for UV inhibition of phytoplankton carbon fixation in the Southern Ocean

Np¹,

Bb²

1996

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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A daily integrated In s l t~l biological we~ghting function (B\UF) for inhibition of pnmary production by ultraviolet radiation [UVR 280 to 400 nm] was determlned for a natural community of Antarctic diatoms maintained under dayllght conditions The derlved daily averaged BLVF had a radiation ampl~f~cation factor of 0 9 1 for the environmental radiatlon conditions under bvhich it was deterinined and displayed greater sensitivity to UV-B than BWFs determlned for laboratory cultuies of teinpeiate latitude phytoplankton (Cullen et a1 1992 Science 258 646-6501 In addition, the function was shown to accurately predlct the UVR-dependent In s i t~l rates of primary production when the same community was under d~fferent stratosphenc ozone [03) conditions An elror estlmate for the BWF is also provided and the predictive limitations of the funct~on are discussed bliefly In the early austral spring of 1993 near Palmer Station Antarctica surface samples were maintained in 6 spectrally distlnct outdoor incubators over the course of a single day and the spectral s e n s i t~v~t y of photosynthet~c carbon f~xation rates and phytoplankton pigmentation was quantified The changes in spectral sensitivity to 03-dependent UV-B (280 to 320 nm radiatlon) and 03-independent UV-A (320 to 400 nm radiation) was resolved on time scale of 2 h intervals over the course of the 10 h incubation Besides determining the daily peak of cell sensitivity to UVR damage, the derived short-term kinet~cs for the 6 different spectral light treatments provided the database for resolving a iobust action spectrum for the UVR inhibition of In sltu rates of primary production For the diatom community being studied, daily exposure to ambient levels of UVR resulted in a 3 4 " , ~e d u c t l o n In averaged carbon fixation \vithout any s~gnlficant effect on the cellular pigment content The UV-B port~on of the solar s p e c t~u m photoinhiblted daily rates of primary production by 15"n while UV-A was respons~ble for a 19% reduction in dally averdged rates of carbon fixation It appears that sprlngtlme diatom-dominated communities are equdlly or more sensitlve to UV-B photoinhibition of daily primary ploduction than pryinneslophyte-dominated communities analyzed during the 1990 Icecolors' exped~tion (Smith et al 1992 Science 258 952-959)

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Bwf and Raf For Antarctic Phytoplanktonmentioning

confidence: 99%

An in situ biological weighting function for UV inhibition of phytoplankton carbon fixation in the Southern Ocean

Np¹,

Bb²

1996

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…While the migration is energetically expensive, lowering reproductive output, it is more adaptive than remaining in dangerous sunlit surface waters (DeMeester and Beenaerts, 1993;Duncan et al, 1993). In stark contrast to this paradigm, dispersing larvae of many decapod crustaceans and fishes are abundant near the sea surface in the daytime (e.g., Hunter et al, 1979;Morgan and Christy, 1996). Although this phenomenon has been documented many times, its direct contradiction to the prevailing paradigm has not received much attention from ecological and evolutionary biologists.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Postlarval chromatophores as an adaptation to ultraviolet radiation

Miner

Morgan

Hoffman

2000

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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“…The work of Marinaro & Bernard (1966), Pommeranz (1974) and Hunter et al (1979Hunter et al ( , 1981Hunter et al ( , 1982 provided clear evidence of the detrimental effect of UV-B on the planktonic early life, stages of marine fishes. Hunter et al (1979), working with northern anchovy Engraulis mordax and Pacific mackerel Scomber japonicus embryos and larvae, reported that exposure to surface levels of UV-B could be lethal. Significant sublethal effects were also reported: lesions in the brain and retina, and reduced growth rate.…”

Section: Ecological Context Direct Effects Of W Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of ultraviolet radiation on marine crustacean zooplankton and ichthyoplankton:a synthesis of results from the estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada

Browman¹,

Rodriguez²,

Béland³

et al. 2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The objectives of the research program reported upon here were (1) to measure ambient levels of UV radiation and determine whichvariables most strongly affected its attenuation in the waters of the estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada; and (2) to investigate the potential direct impacts of W radiation on species of crustacean zooplankton and fish whose early life stages are planktonic. In this geographic region, productivity-determining biophysical interactions occur in the upper 0 to 30 m of the water column. Measurements of the diffuse attenuation coefficients for ultraviolet-B radiation ( W -B , 280 to 320 nm) at various locations in this region indicated maximum 10% depths (the depth to which 10% of the surface energy penetrates at a given wavelength) of 3 to 4 m at a wavelength of 310 nm. Organisms residing in this layer-including the eggs and larvae of Calanus finmarchicus and Atlantic cod Gadus morhua-are exposed to biologically damaging levels of W radiation. As a result of these physical and biological characteristics, this system offered a relevant opportunity to assess the impacts of UV on subarctic marine ecosystems. Eggs of C. finmarchicus were incubated under the sun, with and without the W -B and/or UV-A (320 to 400 nm) wavebands. W-exposed eggs exhibited low percent hatchmg compared to those protected from W : W radiation had a strong negative impact on C. finmarchicus eggs. Further, percent hatching in W-B-exposed eggs was not significantly lower than that in eggs exposed to UV-A only: under natural sunlight, UV-A radiation appeared to be more detrimental to C. finmarchicus embryos than was UV-B. In analogous experiments with Atlantic cod eggs, exposure to UV-B produced a significant negative effect. However, UV-A had no negative effect on cod eggs. Additional experiments using a solar simulator (SS) revealed high wavelength-dependent mortality in both C. finmarchicus and cod embryos exposed to UV. The strongest effects occurred under exposures to wavelengths below 312 nm. At the shorter wavelengths (<305 nm) UV-B-induced mortality was strongly dose-dependent, but (for both C. finmarchicus and cod) not significantly influenced by dose-rate. Thus, at least within the limits of the exposures under which the biological weighting functions (BWFs) were generated, reciprocity held. The BWFs derived for UV-B-induced mortality in C. finmarchicus and cod eggs were similar in shape to the action spectrum for UV-B effects on naked DNA. Further, the wavelengthdependence of DNA damage was similar to that for the mortality effect. These observations suggest that W-induced mortality in C. finmarchicus and cod eggs is a direct result of DNA damage. There was no evidence of a detrimental effect of UV-A radiation in these SS-derived results. A mathematical model that includes the BWFs, vertical mixing of eggs, meteorological and hydrographic conditions, and ozone depletion, indicates that W-induced mortality in the C. finmarchicus egg population could be as high as 32.5 %, while the impact on the co...

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EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION ON EGGS AND LARVAE OF THE NORTHERN ANCHOVY, ENGRAULIS MORDAX, AND THE PACIFIC MACKEREL, SCOMBER JAPONlCUS, DURING THE EMBRYONIC STAGE*

Cited by 143 publications

References 6 publications

An in situ biological weighting function for UV inhibition of phytoplankton carbon fixation in the Southern Ocean

An in situ biological weighting function for UV inhibition of phytoplankton carbon fixation in the Southern Ocean

Postlarval chromatophores as an adaptation to ultraviolet radiation

Impact of ultraviolet radiation on marine crustacean zooplankton and ichthyoplankton:a synthesis of results from the estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada

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