Effects of engine restart strategy on particle number emissions from a hybrid electric vehicle equipped with a gasoline direct injection engine

Choi, Yonghyun; Yi, Hoseung; Oh, Youngkyu; Park, Sungwook

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118359

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The reason for emissions increases is connected to poor fuel atomisation, decreased thermal efficiency, and incomplete combustion due to cold temperature. 53 For example, the increased PM formation in the cold engine is associated with the cooling effect of engine walls in a combination of inadequate evaporation of fuel droplets and poor fuel and gas mixtures. 54 Furthermore, PM size distribution can be affected by colder temperatures, with increased emissions of larger particles, speculated to be connected to the evaporation of oil droplets, leading to more incomplete combustion and a higher size fraction of PM emissions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fuel composition and vehicle operating temperature on in vitro toxicity of exhaust emissions

Hakkarainen,

Järvinen,

Lepistö

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci.: Atmos.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fuel composition and vehicle operating temperature on in vitro toxicity of exhaust emissions

Hakkarainen,

Järvinen,

Lepistö

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci.: Atmos.

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“…Many researchers have analyzed the influence of the operating conditions of hybrid powertrains on fuel consumption and exhaust emissions [15][16][17][18][19]. Similar to conventional vehicles, it is vital to determine the exhaust emissions or energy consumption of alternative powertrains under real-world conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Energy Consumption and Exhaust Emissions between Hybrid and Conventional Vehicles, as Well as Electric Vehicles Fitted with a Range Extender

Ziółkowski,

Fuć,

Jagielski

et al. 2023

Energies

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The introduction of new Euro exhaust emission standards and CO2 limits has forced carmakers to implement alternative hybrid and electric powertrains. We are observing a dynamic advancement of this sector. The authors’ primary motivation was to perform a series of measurements of the exhaust emissions and fuel mileages from vehicles fitted with hybrid, conventional and electric (range extender) powertrains. Three vehicles were used in the research project. The first one was a passenger car with a full hybrid powertrain. The vehicle was fitted with a 1.6 dm3 spark ignition engine. The second one was fitted with a 2.2 dm3 diesel engine. The third one was fitted with a 125 kW electric motor and a 28 kW combustion engine used as a range extender. The investigations were carried out according to the RDE (Real Driving Emission) methodology on a test route composed of urban, rural and highway portions. The test route was set in the Poznan agglomeration, and its distance was approx. 80 km. For the measurements, the authors used SEMTECH-DS from the PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement System) equipment group. Based on the obtained results, the authors validated the test route in terms of the RDE compliance and determined the exhaust emissions and fuel mileages. The authors also analyzed the influence of the conditions of the measurements on the powertrain characteristics of each of the tested vehicles.

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“…However, a few studies have been conducted on gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines. The GDI technique is widely known to be the mainstream of SI engines. − Furthermore, to meet the more stringent standards by reducing vehicular emissions, alcohols have been promising alternative fuels and are widely used as fuel blending components nowadays. − However, the impacts of OFC implementation in a GDI engine fueled with gasoline–ethanol blends are still unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of Oxy-Fuel Combustion (OFC) Technology in a Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engine Fueled with Gasoline–Ethanol Blends

Pei

et al. 2021

ACS Omega

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Nowadays, to mitigate the global warming problem, the requirement of carbon neutrality has become more urgent. Oxy-fuel combustion (OFC) has been proposed as a promising way of carbon capture and storage (CCS) to eliminate carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. This article explores the implementation of OFC technology in a practical gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine fueled with gasoline−ethanol blends, including E0 (gasoline), E25 (25% ethanol, 75% is gasoline in mass fraction), and E50 (50% ethanol, 50% is gasoline in mass fraction). The results show that with a fixed spark timing, φ CA50 (where 50% fuel is burned), of E50 and E25 is about 4.5 and 1.9°later than that of E0, respectively. Ignition delay (θ F ) and combustion duration (θ C ) can be extended with the increase of the ethanol fraction in the blended fuel. With the increase of the oxygen mass fraction (OMF) from 23.3 to 29%, equivalent brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC E ) has a benefit of 2.12, 1.65, and 1.51% for E0, E25, and E50, respectively. The corresponding increase in brake-specific oxygen consumption (BSOC) is 21.83, 22.42, and 22.58%, respectively. Meanwhile, θ F , θ C , and the heat release rate (HRR) are not strongly affected by the OMF. With the increase of the OMF, the increment of θ F is 0.7, 1.8, and 2.2°for E0, E25, and E50, respectively. θ C is only extended by 1, 1.1, and 1.4°, respectively. Besides, by increasing the intake temperature (T I ) from 298 to 358 K under all of the fuel conditions, BSFC E and BSOC present slight growth trends; θ F and θ C are slightly reduced; in the meantime, φ CA50 , φ Pmax (crank angle of peak cylinder pressure), and the position of the HRR peak are advanced by nearly 1°.

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Effects of engine restart strategy on particle number emissions from a hybrid electric vehicle equipped with a gasoline direct injection engine

Cited by 13 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of fuel composition and vehicle operating temperature on in vitro toxicity of exhaust emissions

Effects of fuel composition and vehicle operating temperature on in vitro toxicity of exhaust emissions

Comparison of the Energy Consumption and Exhaust Emissions between Hybrid and Conventional Vehicles, as Well as Electric Vehicles Fitted with a Range Extender

Implementation of Oxy-Fuel Combustion (OFC) Technology in a Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engine Fueled with Gasoline–Ethanol Blends

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