Effects of Phase Morphology on Mechanical Properties: Oriented/Unoriented PP Crystal Combination with Spherical/Microfibrillar PET Phase

Mi, Dashan; Wang, Yingxiong; Kuzmanović, Maja; Delva, Laurens; Jiang, Yixin; Cardon, Ludwig; Zhang, Jie

doi:10.3390/polym11020248

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…A recent study of Mi et al. [ 192 ] confirms the importance of shear stress in the processing of MFCs. They have investigated the effect of multi‐flow vibrational injection molding (MFVIM) on PP/PET MFCs and reported an increase of certain mechanical properties in the samples prepared via MFVIM due to the formation of the PP shish‐kebabs.…”

Section: Processing–structure–property Relationship Of Microfibrillarmentioning

confidence: 76%

Relationship between the Processing, Structure, and Properties of Microfibrillar Composites

2020

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biomedical products. [3] However, the key to developing new materials does not only lie in the polymer synthesis itself but also in the modification of available polymers. The most frequent modification method is melt blending of different polymers because it is considered an easy way of making new materials with outstanding properties, such as toughness, stiffness, and chemical and thermal resistance. A number of comprehensive studies on polymer blending [4-13] have pointed out the importance of the microstructure of the blends and its relationship with physical and mechanical properties. [14-16] Moreover, what happens during the processing of the blends is important as the flow and viscosity of the polymers may affect the final blends' properties. [7,17] The morphology strongly depends on mixing methods, and the size and shape of the dispersed component are crucial for obtaining good mechanical performances. [18] On the one hand, polymer blends may meet some limitations in obtaining optimal physical and mechanical properties due to the interfacial separation that will occur as a result of the immiscibility of two or more components. [5,7-9,19-22] Therefore, it is necessary to control the morphology of the immiscible blend, like the size and shape of the dispersed component. [4,10] On the other hand, the blend with well-dispersed particles may increase the impact strength of the matrix, [18] while blends with sheet-shaped dispersions may improve barrier properties [23] and those with fibers can improve the unidirectional strength. [18] Still, the improvement of any given property will strongly depend on the rigidity of the dispersed component, as there is a huge difference in the reinforcement effect of rigid and elastomeric particles. [11,15,24,25] By varying the composition, and the viscosity and elasticity ratio of the components used in blending, the phase morphology can be optimized. [4,7,10,26] However, to overcome the problem of immiscibility, different fillers or compatibilizers are frequently used to promote the interfacial adhesion between the polymeric constituents. [11,27-35] The purpose of incorporation of compatibilizers into polymer mixtures is to reduce the particle size and hinder the coalescence effect, to improve the dispersion and distribution of the minor component and to increase the interfacial adhesion between the matrix and the dispersed component. In fact, the compatibilizer reduces the interfacial energy and facilitates the stress transfer across the matrix-particle interface. [11,27,29,34-36] The relationship between processing, morphology, and properties of polymeric materials has been the subject of numerous studies of academic and industrial research. Finding an answer to this question might result in guidelines on how to design polymeric materials. Microfibrillar composites (MFCs) are an interesting class of polymer-polymer composites. The advantage of the MFC concept lies in developing in situ microfibrils by which a perfect homogeneous distribution of the reinforcement in the ma...

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Section: Processing–structure–property Relationship Of Microfibrillarmentioning

confidence: 76%

Relationship between the Processing, Structure, and Properties of Microfibrillar Composites

2020

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“…Copolymer compatibilizers are used to aid in blending polymers of dissimilar chemical polarities. [ 90,91 ] These copolymers usually comprise a non‐polar backbone with polar functionalities spaced along the chain to promote interactions between both polar and non‐polar chains. Common stabilizers include styrenes grafted with maleic anhydride or different polyolefins grafted with maleic anhydride.…”

Section: Plastic Waste Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Common stabilizers include styrenes grafted with maleic anhydride or different polyolefins grafted with maleic anhydride. [ 90,91 ] These common stabilizers are known to be expensive and so used in small proportions to minimize costs. [ 90 ] Copolymers used as compatibilizers show varying degrees of efficiency which are largely based on their structural features.…”

Section: Plastic Waste Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 125 ] The presence of tertiary carbons along the PP backbone [ 122,137 ] are more prone to shear degradation, introduces a more reactive methine functional group and increases flammability. [ 91,122,138 ] Repeated recycling of PP reduces molecular weights owing to thermo‐mechanical and thermo‐oxidative chain scission, increasing the degree of crystallinity to afford higher elastic moduli and reduced elongation at break. [ 139,140 ]…”

Section: Mechanical Recycling Of Polyolefinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical Recycling of Packaging Plastics: A Review

Schyns

Shaver

2020

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

891

692

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The current global plastics economy is highly linear, with the exceptional performance and low carbon footprint of polymeric materials at odds with dramatic increases in plastic waste. Transitioning to a circular economy that retains plastic in its highest value condition is essential to reduce environmental impacts, promoting reduction, reuse, and recycling. Mechanical recycling is an essential tool in an environmentally and economically sustainable economy of plastics, but current mechanical recycling processes are limited by cost, degradation of mechanical properties, and inconsistent quality products. This review covers the current methods and challenges for the mechanical recycling of the five main packaging plastics: poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and poly(vinyl chloride) through the lens of a circular economy. Their reprocessing induced degradation mechanisms are introduced and strategies to improve their recycling are discussed. Additionally, this review briefly examines approaches to improve polymer blending in mixed plastic waste streams and applications of lower quality recyclate.

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“…One potential solution for a more sustainable material are self-reinforcing thermoplastic polymer–polymer composites, like microfibrillar- or nanofibrillar-reinforced composites (MFCs) [ 4 ], which offer the possibility of recycling via a simple re-melting procedure [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Unlike fiber-reinforced composites, MFCs are considered polymer–polymer composites, where the polymer matrix is reinforced with polymer fibrils [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. The processing–structure–property relationship for MFCs is an essential process in order to produce the desired filament [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Polypropylene/Polyethylene Terephthalate Microfibrillar Composites Filament to Support Waste Management

et al. 2021

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The concept of microfibrillar composites (MFCs) is adopted to produce composites of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP) materials. The two polymers were dry mixed with PET content ranging from 22 to 45 wt%. The PET has been used as a reinforcement to improve the mechanical properties of composites. The relationship between the morphology of the MFC structure and the mechanical behavior of the MFC filament was investigated. Analysis of the structure and mechanical behavior helped to understand the influence of the stretching ratio, extruder-melt temperature, stretching-chamber temperature, and filament speed.

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Effects of Phase Morphology on Mechanical Properties: Oriented/Unoriented PP Crystal Combination with Spherical/Microfibrillar PET Phase

Cited by 23 publications

References 48 publications

Relationship between the Processing, Structure, and Properties of Microfibrillar Composites

Relationship between the Processing, Structure, and Properties of Microfibrillar Composites

Mechanical Recycling of Packaging Plastics: A Review

Development of Polypropylene/Polyethylene Terephthalate Microfibrillar Composites Filament to Support Waste Management

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