Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films

Abstract

We describe monocrystalline graphitic films, which are a few atoms thick but are nonetheless stable under ambient conditions, metallic, and of remarkably high quality. The films are found to be a two-dimensional semimetal with a tiny overlap between valence and conductance bands, and they exhibit a strong ambipolar electric field effect such that electrons and holes in concentrations up to 10(13) per square centimeter and with room-temperature mobilities of approximately 10,000 square centimeters per volt-second can be induced by applying gate voltage.

Booming Development of Group IV–VI Semiconductors: Fresh Blood of 2D Family

“…The electronic band diagram of graphene shows a linear energy dispersion at the K point, thus resulting in a gapless band structure 1, 20, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139. Consequently, the gapless band structure of graphene results in the low controllability of electronics and inferior photoresponsivity,2, 5, 27, 134 which impedes the applications in electronics and optoelectronics.…”

“…2D layered materials (2DLMs) have ignited intensive attention since the discovery of graphene 1. These 2DLMs possess different properties such as electronic structures, large specific surface area, and the quantum confinement of electrons due to the ultrathin thickness compared with their bulk counterparts, thus paving a new way for the next generation electronic, optical, optoelectronic, and flexible systems 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15.…”

Highly Efficient Infrared Photodetection in a Gate‐Controllable Van der Waals Heterojunction with Staggered Bandgap Alignment

“…In the early graphene‐based photodetectors, photodetection in a wide range from ultraviolet to terahertz wavelengths was possible, owing to the zero‐bandgap nature of graphene 16. However, this zero‐gap nature worked negatively in terms of photocarrier lifetime and electron–hole recombination, thereby decreasing the collection probability of photocarriers 17.…”

High Performance Amplifier Element Realization via MoS2/GaTe Heterostructures

“…The discovery of graphene, one of the most famous 2D layered materials (2DLMs), has been a strong boost for world‐wide research of 2DLMs with diverse electronic properties over the past decade 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13. Because the thickness of a 2DLM monolayer can be as thin as an atom and the surface is free of dangling bonds, 2DLMs surpass typical nanostructures that are plagued by dangling bonds and trap states.…”