Electric vehicle requirements for operation in smart grids

Abstract

-Several European projects on smart grids are considering Electric Vehicles (EVs) as active element in future power systems. Both battery-powered vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles are expected to interact with the grid, sharing their energy storage capacity. Different coordination concepts for EVs are being investigated, in which vehicles can be intelligently charged or discharged feeding power back to the grid in vehicle-to-grid mode (V2G). To respond to such needs, EVs are required to share their battery internal data as well as respond to external control signals. In this paper, the requirements for the interaction of EVs with the electrical grid are presented. The defined requirements have been implemented on an EV test bed, realized by using real EV components. Charging/V2G tests on the EV test bed have shown that the presented requirements are sufficient to ensure an intelligent coordination of EVs into the electricity grid.

Remote Monitoring of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in Smart Campus Parking Lot

“…BMS is a critical part of the in-vehicle system which is responsible for monitoring and controlling the charging/discharging of the battery. Different sensor nodes such as temperature, voltage, and current are used to monitor the battery status [30]. During EV charging, BMS maintains monitoring the internal data of the battery to prevent abnormal conditions (e. g. overheating, overvoltage, etc.)…”

Distributed Charging Prioritization Methodology Based on Evolutionary Computation and Virtual Power Plants to Integrate Electric Vehicle Fleets on Smart Grids

“…Additionally, there are several studies about the performance of batteries [4] and battery degradation [5]. The new generation of EVs has several requirements not only in power but also infrastructure [6]. There are several studies to establish renewable energy sources to support the charging of EVs and HEVs and cover the power requirements, for example, based on wind energy [7,8], photovoltaic sources [9], general congestion of EV charging based on renewables [10], etc.…”

Shielding Analysis of High-Frequency Coaxial Transformers Used for Electric Vehicle On-Board Charging Systems

“…he Electric Vehicle (EV) occupies an important role in smart grid infrastructure (the integration of renewable energies, such as household and power grids), and captures interest because of its potential usage in the near future. Several researchers have discussed future trends and requirements of the EV [1][2]. Summarising this information can make one short conclusion: the quality of charging process is very important for publics to accept and get used to the EV technology.…”

“…To make it simple, we can classify charging standards (according to its power rating) into three categories. These include normal charging, fast charging and super charging, with power ratings of 1-2 kW, 2-20 kW and >20 kW respectively (approximation) [1][2][3][4]. A lot of research has been undertaken on normal charging levels at both low frequency (60 to 100 Hz) and high frequency (1 to 10 kHz and above).…”