Electrochemical Preparation and Characterization of a Gold Nanoparticles Graphite Electrode: Application to Myricetin Antioxidant Analysis

Abstract

Graphite material is abundantly available from recyclable sources. It possesses a good electrical conductance property, which makes it an attractive material as a working electrode. However, due to a high activation overpotential it has limited applications as compared to other solid metal electrodes. In this present work, we obtained a graphite rod from a used battery, and carried out electrochemical improvements by electro-deposition with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The heterogeneous electron transfer rate and electron transfer resistance of the fabricated electrode were improved. The electrode overpotential has shown improvement by 50 mV, and the effective surface area has increased by 2 fold. To determine the practicability of the AuNPs/graphite electrode, we used the electrode in the analysis of myricetin. A squarewave voltammetry was used in the analysis, and the detection response increased by 2.5 fold, which suggested an improvement in the electrode sensitivity.

Electrochemical determination of L-tryptophan in food samples on graphite electrode prepared from waste batteries

“…The zinc-carbon battery was used as the source of graphite rod. The obtained graphite rod was then prepared by cleaning and drying to remove moisture 21 , 22 . Further, it was polished by a metallographic process that included grinding on silicon carbide paper, rinsing with water and alcohol, and finally polishing with alumina paste (0.3 μm Al 2 O 3 , Buehler USA).…”

“…Additionally, they are relatively cheap, easy to prepare and mostly non-toxic. However, some researchers 4 , 21 , 22 have suggested using a graphite rod from batteries instead of commercial electrodes since the development of technology also contributes to the generation of large amounts of waste. Zinc-carbon batteries can be found among such wastes.…”

“…Additionally, the graphite rod is suitable for modification, which allows the development of sensors with better characteristics. According to the previous research papers 21 , 22 , the graphite rod is used as an electrochemical sensor for detection of myricetin antioxidants and tanninic acid.…”

Gold Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Phenolic Antioxidants Detection: Recent Advances

“…The next example [142] reported an electrochemical sensor for MYR employing a graphite electrode modified with AuNPs. The graphite electrode was fabricated through a green and low-cost process starting from exhausted batteries materials.…”

Determination of Heavy Metals in Herbal Food Supplements using Bismuth/Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes/Nafion modified Graphite Electrodes sourced from Waste Batteries

“…Thus, access to recycled batteries will not be a problem in the coming years. Moreover, the graphite rods extracted from waste AA batteries have ideal measurements (2 mm or 3 mm in diameter) that fit the fabrication of a good working electrode 31 . However, bare graphite electrodes have a certain disadvantage when used in electrochemical analysis as they usually have a low sensitivity due to their high activation overpotential 32 .…”