Encapsulation of self-healing materials by coelectrospinning, emulsion electrospinning, solution blowing and intercalation

Sinha-Ray, Suman; Pelot, D. D.; Zhou, Zhengping; Rahman, Arifur; Wu, Xiang‐Fa; Yarin, Alexander L.

doi:10.1039/c2jm15696b

Cited by 141 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Mechanical experiments give important information on the effect of the nanofibers, but other techniques are also used to further investigate their working mechanisms and are here mentioned. Most of the papers use SEM images to study and compare virgin and nanomodified fractured surfaces; other common techniques used for the same purpose, and mentioned in this review are acoustic emissions [104], X-ray spectroscopy [82], high-resolution transmission electron microscopy [105] and transmission electron microscopy [13].…”

Section: Electrospun Nanofibers For Structural Reinforcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same usually does not apply to thermosettings, and even when it does, the improvements are usually poorer than when the thermoplastics are employed. Eventually, it is also worth mentioning that other types of interleaves rose popularity in the last few years, such as CNF and CNT [80][81][82][83][84] but they are not treated in this review. The main issues with the use of CNT and CNF are linked to health dangerousness [85] and difficulties in mixing and homogenizing with the matrix [86].…”

Section: Electrospinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrospun nanofibers as reinforcement for composite laminates materials – A review

Palazzetti

Zucchelli

2017

Composite Structures

137

113

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In the last few decades nanofibers have been developed and introduced in a vast number of industrial and research applications. One of their most effective use is as interleaved reinforcement for composite laminate materials against delamination. Nanofibrous mats have the ideal morphology to be embedded between two plies of a laminate, and a vast and deep research has been carried out investigating their effect on the global behaviour of a composite laminate. This review is the first of its kind to date which presents a detailed state-ofthe-art on the effect of nanofibrous interleaves into composite laminates with focus on the mechanical performances and behaviours of nanomodified materials. A detailed description of the working mechanisms of the nanointerleave under different load cases is presented, and a comparative analysis between papers in literature will provide readers with a powerful tool to understand and use nanofibers for reinforcing purposes.

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Section: Electrospun Nanofibers For Structural Reinforcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrospinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospun nanofibers as reinforcement for composite laminates materials – A review

Palazzetti

Zucchelli

2017

Composite Structures

137

113

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Among them, extrinsic SH materials are an important class because their preparation is scalable and they can be used in combination with commercial materials. SH agents can be loaded in containers such as capsules [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] or fi bers, [14][15][16] which are subsequently embedded in a matrix. When damage occurs, the SH agents are released and mend the formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Phase‐Separation Approach to Encapsulate Functionalized Polymers in Core–Shell Nanoparticles

Zhao

Döhler

et al. 2013

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Core-shell nanoparticles fi lled with a reactive hydrophobic azide-terminated polyisobutylene are prepared by a combination of miniemulsion and solvent evaporation techniques. Successful encapsulation is achieved by the rational selection of the polymer pair that displays a large difference in solubility parameters ( δ ) and interfacial tensions with water ( γ polymer/water ). By labeling the two polymers with different fl uorescent dyes, core-shell structures can be visualized by fl uorescence microscopy. After extraction of the polymer present in the core, hollow morphologies are observed by transmission electronic microscopy. The encapsulation effi ciency of the reactive polymer increases with decreasing surfactant concentration, with values as high as 90%. This study presents a simple and reaction-free method to encapsulate reactive polymers. Considering the drawbacks of self-healing agents with low molar mass, such as volatility and higher propensity for leakage from nanocapsules, the encapsulation of reactive polymers in nanocontainers is an interesting and new alternative for selfhealing materials. damaged materials by polymerization or solvent-assisted welding. [17][18][19][20] In their pioneering work, White et al. [ 21 ] encapsulated dicyclopentadiene in poly(urea formaldehyde) microcapsules. Autonomic healing behavior was observed when mechanical damage occurred to the matrix. Since then, a large variety of SH agents such as triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, [ 22 ] hexamethylene diisocyanate, [ 23 ] or reactants based on azides and alkynes for copper-catalyzed "click" chemistry [24][25][26] were successfully encapsulated in microcapsules. In order to apply encapsulating SH agents in thin fi lms and microelectronic coatings, we recently developed a general and mild method to encapsulate monomers, [ 27,28 ] solvents, [27][28][29] and plasticizers [ 27 ] as SH agents, fl uorescent dyes [ 30,31 ] and contrast agents, [ 32 ] in nanocontainers based on commercially available [ 27 ] or synthesized copolymers. [28][29][30] The method is a combination of miniemulsion and emulsion-solvent evaporation techniques and benefi ts from the advantages of both methods: the miniemulsion droplets are colloidally stable and are not subjected to coalescence, [ 33,34 ] and the preparation of the nanocontainers does not require any reaction

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“…This MD simulation suggested a new way of using carbon nanotubes as a reinforcing self-healing reservoir that have the potential to reduce the damage through the host matrix, selfrepair the crack and at the same time strengthen the material before and after the repairing process. Later, Sinha-Ray et al [56] loaded the healing agents like DCPD and isophorone diisocyanate into CNTs by using self-sustained diffusion method. In this method, CNTs were blended with dilute solution of self-healing agents in benzene by means of sonication and the Fickian diffusion of healing agent equilibrate the healing agent concentration inside CNTs with that in the bulk.…”

Section: Carbon Nanotubes (Cnt) As Containers For Self-healing Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different methods were adopted to encapsulate the healing agents inside these polymer fibers including coelectrospinning [56][57][58], emulsion electrospinning [56] and emulsion solution blowing [56]. DCPD enwrapped into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) using coelectrospin- HGBs Loaded epoxy/loaded amine 62% at 50°C [69] ning to form core-shell DCPD/PAN nanofibers [56,57]. The electrospinning was carried out in a labmade coaxial needle setup for generating the coreshell jet [59,60] by supplying a solution of 10 wt% PAN in dimethyl formamide (DMF) as the outer jet (shell) and the solution of 10 wt% DCPD in DMF as the inner jet (core).…”

Section: Polymer Fibers As Self-healing Agent Containersmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Containers’ for self-healing epoxy composites and coating: Trends and advances

Vijayan¹,

Al-Maadeed²

2016

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract.The introduction of self-healing functionality into epoxy matrix is an important and challenging topic. Various micro/nano containers loaded self-healing agents are developed and incorporated into epoxy matrix to impart self-healing ability. The current report reviews the major findings in the area of self-healing epoxy composites and coatings with special emphasis on these containers. The preparation and use of polymer micro/nano capsules, polymer fibers, hollow glass fibers/bubbles, inorganic nanotubes, inorganic meso-and nano-porous materials, carbon nanotubes etc. as self-healing containers are outlined. The nature of the container and its response to the external stimulations greatly influence the self-healing performance. The self-healing mechanism associated with each type of container and the role of container parameters on self-healing performance of self-healing epoxy systems are reviewed. Comparison of the efficiency offered by different types of containers is introduced. Finally, the selection of containers to develop cost effective and green self-healing systems are mentioned.

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Encapsulation of self-healing materials by coelectrospinning, emulsion electrospinning, solution blowing and intercalation

Cited by 141 publications

References 31 publications

Electrospun nanofibers as reinforcement for composite laminates materials – A review

Electrospun nanofibers as reinforcement for composite laminates materials – A review

Facile Phase‐Separation Approach to Encapsulate Functionalized Polymers in Core–Shell Nanoparticles

‘Containers’ for self-healing epoxy composites and coating: Trends and advances

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