2021
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.037
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Estimating the dwarfing rate of an extinct Sicilian elephant

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Cited by 15 publications
(7 citation statements)
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References 74 publications
(69 reference statements)
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“…S22). Overall, the observed pattern is congruent with phenotypic evolution being mostly condensed in events of peripatric speciation (17,18), where phenotypic sorting through drift or adaptation to immediate conditions is geologically rapid (28), and decoupled in direction from macroevolutionary trends (19). The signal of this discontinuity is also demonstrated by the weak reconstructed trend and attraction parameters in our phylogenetic models [trend parameter (m) = 0 and attraction parameter (a) = 0.002, respectively; table S2].…”
supporting
confidence: 62%
“…S22). Overall, the observed pattern is congruent with phenotypic evolution being mostly condensed in events of peripatric speciation (17,18), where phenotypic sorting through drift or adaptation to immediate conditions is geologically rapid (28), and decoupled in direction from macroevolutionary trends (19). The signal of this discontinuity is also demonstrated by the weak reconstructed trend and attraction parameters in our phylogenetic models [trend parameter (m) = 0 and attraction parameter (a) = 0.002, respectively; table S2].…”
supporting
confidence: 62%
“…
Figure 1Fossil sites of P. antiquus , P. cf. mnaidriensis and Chinese Palaeoloxodon [9,13,17]. The map draft (chart no.
…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…After appearing in Eurasia around 0.78 million years ago (Ma) [5], Palaeoloxodon likely diversified into several species, including P. antiquus , P. huaihoensis , P. namadicus and P. naumanni in mainland Eurasia [6,7], as well as some dwarf species inhabiting the Mediterranean islands, such as P. cf. mnaidriensis [8,9]. Palaeoloxodon in Europe became extinct around 34 thousand years ago (Ka) [10], while its extinction time in China is in need of re-evaluation owing to insufficient direct dating information, although a suggestive lower limit is the end of the Late Pleistocene [11,12].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Tooth enamel is highly mineralized, which bodes well for IcP preservation but proved particularly challenging for AA analyses; the high concentrations of inorganic salts in this calcium phosphate biomineral limited accurate quantification ( 105 ). Development of a new biphasic preparation method, tested first on elephantid tooth enamel ( 79 , 106 ), shows that the rates of the reactions are significantly slower than those of calcium carbonate biominerals, which extends the time range of the enamel intracrystalline protein degradation (IcPD) method in temperate latitudes into the Pliocene. This technique has also been useful for testing the integrity of fossil protein in paleoproteomic studies, confirming the endogeneity of 1.78 Ma protein from rhino enamel from the Paleolithic site of Dmanisi ( 107 ) and demonstrating the enormous potential for the preserved protein in mammalian tooth enamel to provide evolutionary relationships on directly dated samples.…”
Section: Aa Geochronologymentioning
confidence: 99%