Estimation of rates of outflow of protein supplement from the rumen by determining the rate of excretion of chromium-treated protein supplements in faeces

Elimam, Mohmed E.; Ørskov, E. R.

doi:10.1017/s000335610002763x

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The small effect of Cr treatment on the particle size distribution of protein supplements was similar to our early observations with fish meal (Elimam and 0rskov, 1981) and, together with the nonsignificant effects on the density, suggested that Cr-treated protein supplements were likely to behave in a manner similar to the 2. The relationship between the intake of a mixed diet of 500 g roughages and 500 g concentrates per kg. and fractional outflow rates per h of fish meal from the rumen of high-yielding dairy cows in mid lactation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…In previous trials (Elimam and 0rskov, 1981) with Cr-treated fish meal (FM), it was found that 7-2 g sodium dichromate per 100 g dry matter (DM) was adequate to render FM completely undegradable without affecting particle size distribution. In previous trials (Elimam and 0rskov, 1981) with Cr-treated fish meal (FM), it was found that 7-2 g sodium dichromate per 100 g dry matter (DM) was adequate to render FM completely undegradable without affecting particle size distribution.…”

Section: Chromium Preparationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors affecting the outflow of protein supplements from the rumen. 1. Feeding level

Eliman¹,

Ørskov²

1984

Anim. Sci.

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Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0003356100041337How to cite this article: M. E. Eliman and E. R. Ørskov (1984). Factors affecting the outow of protein supplements from the rumen. 1. ABSTRACT 1. Two experiments were conducted with four sheep and four lactating Friesian cows to investigate the effect of food intake on the outflow of protein supplements from the rumen. Protein supplements treated with sodium dichromate were used.2. Dichromate treatment had little or no effect on particle size distribution or density of the protein supplements. The dichromate-treated proteins were rendered completely undegradable in the rumen and the rate of outflow of chromium-treated protein from the rumen was estimated from the concentrations of chromium recovered in the faeces.3. There were highly significant linear effects of feeding level on fractional outflow rate per h of chromium-treated protein supplements from the rumen of sheep and cows. Fractional outflow rates of chromium-treated fish meal and soya-bean meal, respectively, from the rumen of sheep were 0-0080 and 0-0076; 0-0182 and 0-0259; 0-0319 and 0-0335; and 0-0383 and 0-0385 per h at 0-2, 1-0, 1-5 and 2-0 times the energy requirements for maintenance, respectively. There were no significant differences between the two tested chromium-treated protein supplements in fractional outflow rates per h when the particle size was similar, nor any difference in particle size or density. Soya-bean meal was ground to achieve a particle size distribution similar to that of fish meal. For the dairy cows, the fractional outflow rates of fish meal from the rumen were 0-065, 0-072, 0-091 and 0-088 per h, at 1-5, 2-0, 2-5 and 3-0 times the energy requirements for maintenance.4. There were significant differences between sheep in fractional outflow rates per h of protein supplements from the rumen due to the considerably higher values obtained for one animal. 45

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Chromium Preparationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting the outflow of protein supplements from the rumen. 1. Feeding level

Eliman¹,

Ørskov²

1984

Anim. Sci.

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“…The liquid outflow rate was about twice that of particles of fish meal which agrees well with a similar comparison in sheep (Elimam and 0rskov, 1984). The liquid outflow rate was about twice that of particles of fish meal which agrees well with a similar comparison in sheep (Elimam and 0rskov, 1984).…”

Section: Comparison Oj Outflow Rates Oj Different Digesta Fractionssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Values after the peak in the linear descending portion of the curve were used for the regression analysis as described by Elimam and 0rskov (1984) and based on the work of Grovum and Williams (1977). Values after the peak in the linear descending portion of the curve were used for the regression analysis as described by Elimam and 0rskov (1984) and based on the work of Grovum and Williams (1977).…”

Section: Calculation Of Rumen Outflow Rate and Rumen Retention Timementioning

confidence: 99%

A study on consistency of differences between cows in rumen outflow rate of fibrous particles and other substrates and consequences for digestibility and intake of roughages

Ørskov¹,

Ojwang²,

Reid³

1988

Anim. Sci.

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In 22 cows given complete diets of 500 g straw and 500 g concentrates per kg fresh weight the outflow rate of small fibrous particles was determined on two occasions to investigate the consistency of this measurement and its association with apparent digestibility. The correlation between the outflow rates on the two occasions werer= +0·90 and the correlation with apparent digestibility wasr= −0·80.In a second experiment, the outflow rates of long and small particles were determined together with rumen retention time. There was no difference between outflow rate of long and small particles but rumen retention times were greater with the long particles. The correlation between the two estimates of outflow rate wasr= +0·84. The outflow rate of fish meal was found to be 0·070 while that of short fibrous particles was 0·031 per h. The average liquid outflow rate was 0·146 per h.The three cows with the highest outflow rate and the three with the lowest outflow rate from experiment 2 were selected for experiment 3. While voluntary food intakes of the two groups were similar, the differences in outflow rates between the cows persisted both withad libitumand restricted intakes of both a high and a low roughage diet. The differences were reflected in significant differences between the two groups in apparent digestibility of the diets. The practical implications for breeding and selection are discussed.

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“…Since the declining rate of faecal Cr concentration has been shown to be highly correlated with rumen dilution rate of Cr-mordanted supplements (Elimam and 0rskov, 1984b;Guada Vallepuga, Castrillo Gonzalez, Vega Garcia and Gasa Gaso, 1986), it is assumed to be an acceptable estimate of the fractional outflow rate of protein supplements from the rumen.…”

Section: Rumen Outflow Rates Of Cr-mordanted Supplementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of increasing the proportion of barley straw in pelleted concentrate diets given to lambs on rumen outflow rate and degradation of protein supplements

et al. 1992

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Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0003356100020572How to cite this article: C. Castrillo, M. Lainez, J. Gasa and J. A. Guada (1992). The effect of increasing the proportion of barley straw in pelleted concentrate diets given to lambs on rumen outow rate and degradation of protein supplements. AbstractTwo experiments are described in which growing lambs were offered ad libitum two concentrate pelleted diets containing 60 (diet C) or 230 (diet D) g/kg barley straw. In the first experiment, eight male and eight female lambs were used to determine the outflow rate from the rumen of chromium-mordanted fish meal and soya-bean meal, estimated from faecal marker excretion. Diet D promoted a higher rumen outflow rate (0-0769 per h) than diet C (0-0486 per h); no differences were found either between sexes or between Cr-mordanted protein supplements. In the second experiment, the rumen degradation of fish meal, soya-bean meal, sunflower meal, pea seeds and sweet lupin seeds was studied by incubating the supplements in polyester bags in the rumens of four lambs, following a change-over design. Increasing the proportion of straw to 230 g/kg increased the rate of nitrogen disappearance from all vegetable supplements, the differences being significant only for pea seeds. When degradation kinetics and outflow rates were considered together, effective nitrogen degradability of protein supplements was reduced by the increased proportion of dietary straw, indicating a greater influence of rumen outflow rate than of the increased rate ofmicrobial degradation.

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Estimation of rates of outflow of protein supplement from the rumen by determining the rate of excretion of chromium-treated protein supplements in faeces

Cited by 19 publications

References 11 publications

Factors affecting the outflow of protein supplements from the rumen. 1. Feeding level

Factors affecting the outflow of protein supplements from the rumen. 1. Feeding level

A study on consistency of differences between cows in rumen outflow rate of fibrous particles and other substrates and consequences for digestibility and intake of roughages

The effect of increasing the proportion of barley straw in pelleted concentrate diets given to lambs on rumen outflow rate and degradation of protein supplements

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