Exposure to secondhand smoke among patients with asthma: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Objective: To estimate the frequency of secondhand smoke exposure among patients with asthma. Methods: A cross-sectional study of asthma patients and non-asthmatic controls using questionnaires to identify secondhand smoke exposure at home, school, work, and public places. Results: We studied 544 severe asthma patients, 452 mild/moderate asthma patients, and 454 non-asthmatic patients. Among severe patients, the mean age was 51.9 years, 444 (81.6%) were female, 74 (13.6%) were living with a smoker, 383 (71.9%) reported exposure in public spaces and, of the 242 (44.5%) who worked/ studied, 46 (19.1%) reported occupational exposure. Among those with mild/moderate asthma, the mean age was 36.8 years, 351 (77.7%) were female, 50 (11.1%) reported living with a smoker, 381 (84.9%) reported exposure in public settings and, of the 330 (73.0%) who worked/ studied, 58 (17.7%) reported occupational exposure. An association between secondhand smoke exposure and disease control was found among patients with mild/moderate asthma. Among those interviewed, 71% of severe asthma patients and 63% of mild/moderate asthma patients avoided certain places due to fear of secondhand smoke exposure. Conclusion: Secondhand smoke exposure is a situation frequently reported by a significant proportion of asthma patients. Individuals with asthma are exposed to this agent, which can hamper disease control, exacerbate symptoms and pose unacceptable limitations to their right to come and go in public settings.

Exposure to Cigarette Smoke and Daily Physical Activity Associated with Asthma

“…This research was conducted for 6 months (August 2020-February 2021). The measuring instrument for exposure to cigarette smoke uses a questionnaire containing the categories of exposure to cigarette smoke <1 h, exposure to cigarette smoke 1-4 h, and exposure to cigarette smoke more than 4 h referring to research by Lima et al (2020) [31]. The physical activity measurement tool uses the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) questionnaire which is designed to measure a person's physical activity based on metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs) by categorizing light activity with <600 METs-min/week, moderate physical activity with ≥600 METs-min/week and vigorous physical activity 1500-3000 METs-min/week.…”

Ficha de Mucurilebias leitaoi

“…Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade -ICMBio Processo de Avaliação do Risco de Extinção da Fauna Brasileira História Natural Espécie migratória? Não A localidade-tipo de Mucurilebias leitaoi é uma poça temporária, situada em floresta perturbada por cultivo de cacau, com fundo argiloso, superfície densamente coberta por plantas flutuantes e apresentando Cyperaceae emergentes (Cruz & Peixoto, 1991;Lima, 2008). Adicionalmente, M. leitaoi possui ciclo de vida curto, atingindo rapidamente a maturidade sexual e morrendo por ocasião do período de seca, quando as poças secam.…”

Hubungan Penderita Asma Perokok Pasif dengan Eksaserbasi Asma di RSUD M. Natsir Solok

“…Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kelompok usia terbanyak pada penelitian ini adalah 26-45 tahun, hal ini sesuai dengan penelitian Lima yang menyatakan bahwa rata-rata usia adalah 36,8 tahun diantara pasien asma ringan, namun pada pasien asma berat rata-rata usia adalah 51,9 tahun. 12 Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh pasien asma perokok pasif perempuan (64,2%) lebih banyak dibandingkan laki-laki. Hal ini sejalan dengan survei yang dilakukan oleh WHO pada tahun 2010 bahwa di Singapura dan Malaysia 79% perempuan menjadi perokok pasif, sedangkan untuk laki-laki di Singapura yaitu sebesar 14% menjadi perokok pasif.…”

“…Hal ini sesuai dengan penelitian Lima yang mendapatkan hasil bahwa 71% dari responden merupakan pasien asma berat dan 63% dari pasien asma ringan/sedang cenderung menghindari tempat tertentu dikarenakan ketakutan terhadap paparan asap rokok. 12 Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa ada hubungan derajat paparan asap rokok dengan derajat eksaserbasi pada pasien asma perokok pasif di RSUD M. Natsir Solok. Menurut penelitian Neophytou dkk.…”

“…hubungan antara paparan asap rokok dengan kontrol asma ditemukan pada pasien dengan asma ringan/sedang. 12 Menurut penelitian Grarup dkk. orang bukan perokok yang terpapar asap rokok memiliki hasil prediksi FEV-1% dan nilai FENO yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan orang bukan perokok yang tidak terpapar asap rokok.…”