Fault-tolerant platforms for automotive safety-critical applications

Baleani, Massimo; Ferrari, Alberto; Mangeruca, Leonardo; Sangiovanni‐Vincentelli, Alberto; Peri, Maurizio; Pezzini, Saverio

doi:10.1145/951710.951734

Cited by 112 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The work compared the functional monitoring architectures that monitored the hardware executing the application. Baleani et al [18] studied various FT architectures for automotive including lock-step dual processor architecture, loosely-synchronized dual processor architecture, and triple modular redundant architecture. The work, however, did not quantify the architectures' FT capabilities subject to real-time constraints of automotive CPS.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Evaluation of a Reconfigurable ECU Architecture for Secure and Dependable Automotive CPS

Poudel

Munir

2021

IEEE Trans. Dependable and Secure Comput.

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The next generation of automobiles integrate a multitude of electronic control units (ECUs) to implement various automotive control and infotainment applications. However, recent works have demonstrated that these pervasively computerized modern automobiles are susceptible to security attacks that could compromise the physical safety of the driver and/or passengers. In this paper, we propose a novel ECU architecture for automotive cyber-physical systems (CPS) that simultaneously integrates both security and dependability primitives in the design with negligible performance, energy, and resources overhead. We implement our proposed ECU architecture on Xilinx Automotive (XA) Spartan-6 FPGA. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed architecture using a steer-by-wire (SBW) application over controller area network (CAN) with flexible data rate (CAN FD) as a case study. We also optimize and implement a prior secure and dependable automotive work on NXP quad-core iMX6Q SABRE automotive board. We quantify the performance, energy, and error resilience of our proposed architecture for the SBW case study. Results reveal that our proposed architecture can attain a speedup of 47.9× while consuming 2.4× lesser energy than the optimized SABRE board implementation of security and dependability primitives. We further perform a comparative analysis of prior designs and the proposed ECU architecture for different in-vehicle networks, viz., CAN, CAN FD, and FlexRay. Results verify the feasibility as well as the superiority of the proposed ECU over other prior designs in terms of response time, energy efficiency, and error resilience.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Evaluation of a Reconfigurable ECU Architecture for Secure and Dependable Automotive CPS

Poudel

Munir

2021

IEEE Trans. Dependable and Secure Comput.

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“…Because the failure rateλ 0 is usually very small, of the order of 10 −5 per time unit [2], or even 10 −6 [7,16], we can use the first order approximation of R i (f ) as…”

Section: Reliabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Approximation Algorithms for Energy, Reliability, and Makespan Optimization Problems

Aupy

Benoît

2016

Parallel Process. Lett.

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In this paper, we consider the problem of scheduling an application on a parallel computational platform. The application is a particular task graph, either a linear chain of tasks, or a set of independent tasks. The platform is made of identical processors, whose speed can be dynamically modified. It is also subject to failures: if a processor is slowed down to decrease the energy consumption, it has a higher chance to fail. Therefore, the scheduling problem requires to re-execute or replicate tasks (i.e., execute twice a same task, either on the same processor, or on two distinct processors), in order to increase the reliability. It is a tri-criteria problem: the goal is to minimize the energy consumption, while enforcing a bound on the total execution time (the makespan), and a constraint on the reliability of each task.Our main contribution is to propose approximation algorithms for these particular classes of task graphs. For linear chains, we design a fully polynomial time approximation scheme. However, we show that there exists no constant factor approximation algorithm for independent tasks, unless P=NP, and we are able in this case to propose an approximation algorithm with a relaxation on the makespan constraint.

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“…Finally, they describe in some details a cost effective dual lock-step platform that can be used as a single fail-operational unit or as two fail-silent channels trading fault-tolerance for performance.". Shirvani and McCluskey (1998) describe "the ARGOS project at Stanford CRC. The primary goals of this project are to collect data on the errors that occur in digital integrated circuits in a space environment, to determine the tradeoffs between fault-avoidance and fault-tolerance, and to see if radiation hardening can be avoided by using fault tolerance techniques.…”

Section: Examples From Aerospace and Automotive Industriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fault Avoidance and The Fault Tolerance Approaches for Increasing the Reliability of Aerospace and Automotive Systems

Souza

Carvalho

2005

SAE Technical Paper Series

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In this work we discuss the fault avoidance and the fault tolerance approaches for increasing the reliability of aerospace and automotive systems. This includes: the basic definitions/concepts (reliability, maintainability, availability, redundancy, etc.), and characteristics (a priori analysis, a posteriori analysis, physical/hardware redundancy, analytical/software redundancy, etc.) of both approaches, their mathematical background and models (exponential, Weilbull, etc.), their basic theory, their methods and techniques (fault trees, dependence diagrams, Markov chains, etc.), some of their standards (SAE-ARP4761, AC 25.1309, etc.) and simulation environments (Cafta, etc.), and their applications to the reliability analysis and reliability improvement of aerospace and automotive vehicles. This is illustrated by some examples driven from the aerospace and automotive industries. BASIC DEFINITIONS/CONCEPTS, TYPES, CHARA CTERISTICS, ETC. Reliability-The probability that a device or system will perform a required function under stated conditions for a stated period of time. This is the basic property of a system which we seek to enhance through the concept of fault tolerance. It is stated in statistical terms-as a probability-which reflects the fact that failures occur at unpredictable times. This establishes at the outset the fact that much of the analysis in this paper will have to be statistical in nature.

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Fault-tolerant platforms for automotive safety-critical applications

Cited by 112 publications

References 15 publications

Design and Evaluation of a Reconfigurable ECU Architecture for Secure and Dependable Automotive CPS

Design and Evaluation of a Reconfigurable ECU Architecture for Secure and Dependable Automotive CPS

Approximation Algorithms for Energy, Reliability, and Makespan Optimization Problems

The Fault Avoidance and The Fault Tolerance Approaches for Increasing the Reliability of Aerospace and Automotive Systems

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