Formulation and Evaluation of Flurbiprofen Microemulsion

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the microemulsion formulations for topical delivery of Flurbiprofen (FP) in order to by pass its gastrointestinal adverse effects. The pseudoternary phase diagrams were developed and various microemulsion formulations were prepared using Isopropyl Myristate (IPM), Ethyl Oleate (EO) as oils, Aerosol OT as surfactant and Sorbitan Monooleate as cosurfactant. The transdermal permeability of flurbiprofen from microemulsions containing IPM and EO as two different oil phases was analyzed using Keshary-Chien diffusion cell through excised rat skin. Flurbiprofen showed higher in vitro permeation from IPM as compared to that of from EO microemulsion. Thus microemulsion containing IPM as oil phase were selected for optimization. The optimization was carried out using 2 3 factorial design. The optimized formula was then subjected to in vivo anti-inflammatory study and the performance of flurbiprofen from optimized formulation was compared with that of gel cream. Flurbiprofen from optimized microemulsion formulation was found to be more effective as compared to gel cream in inhibiting the caragenan induced rat paw edema at all time intervals. Histopathological investigation of rat skin revealed the safety of microemulsion formulation for topical use. Thus the present study indicates that, microemulsion can be a promising vehicle for the topical delivery of flurbiprofen. Methods In Vitro Inherent Flux Study of a DrugThe inherent flux of flurbiprofen was determined using the Keshary-Chien type diffusion cells. Full thickness abdominal skin of albino rats (125-150 g) was used. The dermal surface of skin was carefully cleaned to remove subcutaneous tissues and fats without damaging the epidermal surface.The Keshary-Chien diffusion cell assembly consisted of donor and receptor compartments. The diffusion cell has a capacity of 20 Formulation and Evaluation of Flurbiprofen Microemulsion

Study of haematological parameters in malaria

“…In studies conducted by Erhart LM et al, Jadhav UM et al, vivax was the most common species while Bashawri LAM et al reported higher falciparum prevalence. 3,16,17 In India, vivax is the most common species encountered followed by falciparum. However, in recent years there has been an upswing in the falciparum cases.…”

“…3,16,17 Thrombocytopenia is a common finding in cases of malaria both vivax and falciparum as shown by most of the studies conducted. In the present study thrombocytopenia was seen in 71% of all malaria cases.…”

Solid-state flurbiprofen and methyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes prepared using a single-step, organic solvent-free supercritical fluid process

“…Several formulation strategies have been reported to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of flurbiprofen, such as dry elixir (Kim and Yoon, 1995), solid dispersion (Habib et al, 1998;Oh et al, 2011), salt formation (Gupta et al, 1997), microemulsion (Park et al, 1997;Ambade et al, 2008), inclusion complex with cyclodextrins (Tokumura et al, 2009;Li et al, 2010) and cycloamyloses (Baek et al, 2011).…”

Non-invasive markers of atherosclerosis and their correlation with Framingham risk score in Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…The predictors used by FRS were participant's age, systolic BP, use of antihypertensive treatment, smoking, diabetes mellitus, total cholesterol, and HDL. [15,16] This generates 2 outcomes namely, Hard CVD risk (coronary death, myocardial infarction, and stroke) and General CVD risk (coronary death, myocardial infarction, coronary insufficiency, angina, ischemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke, transient ischemic attack, peripheral artery disease, heart failure). [22,23] Statistical analysis Numerical data was tested for normality using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and between groups comparison was done using either one-way analysis of variance-ANOVA (if normally distributed) or KruskalWallis test (if not normally distributed) with post-hoc tests.…”

“…[13][14][15] Identification of subclinical atherosclerosis and early treatment initiation has beneficial impact on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.…”