Functional Connectivity at Rest between the Human Medial Posterior Parietal Cortex and the Primary Motor Cortex Detected by Paired-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Breveglieri, Rossella; Borgomaneri, Sara; Filippini, Matteo; Vitis, Marina De; Tessari, Alessia; Fattori, Patrizia

doi:10.3390/brainsci11101357

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The parietal lobe is crucial for spatial tracking [ 68 ], depth perception [ 69 ], stereopsis [ 70 ], and egocentric spatial representation in the dorsal pathway. Activation of the postcentral gyrus may also be linked to the feeling of presence and vividness or interactivity experienced by an individual in a 3D sketching environment [ 71 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How three-dimensional sketching environments affect spatial thinking: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of virtual reality

Tung,

Chang

2024

PLoS ONE

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Designers rely on sketching to visualize and refine their initial ideas, and virtual reality (VR) tools now facilitate sketching in immersive 3D environments. However, little research has been conducted on the differences in the visual and spatial processes involved in 3D versus 2D sketching and their effects on cognition. This study investigated potential differences in spatial and visual functions related to the use of 3D versus 2D sketching media by analyzing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. We recruited 20 healthy, right-handed students from the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture with at least three years of experience in freehand landscape drawing. Using an Oculus Quest VR headset controller and a 12.9-inch iPad Pro with an Apple Pencil, we tested participants individually with 3D and 2D sketching, respectively. When comparing 2D and 3D sketches, our fMRI results revealed significant differences in the activation of several brain regions, including the right middle temporal gyrus, both sides of the parietal lobe, and the left middle occipital gyrus. We also compared different sketching conditions, such as lines, geometrical objects (cube), and naturalistic objects (perspective view of a tree), and found significant differences in the spatial and visual recognition of brain areas that support visual recognition, composition, and spatial perception. This finding suggests that 3D sketching environments, such as VR, may activate more visual–spatial functions during sketching compared to 2D environments. The result highlights the potential of immersive sketching environments for design-related processes and spatial thinking.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How three-dimensional sketching environments affect spatial thinking: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of virtual reality

Tung,

Chang

2024

PLoS ONE

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“…As areas for intervention, those could be worthy of consideration. Recent studies have demonstrated that paired stimulation with TMS can access the neural networks between areas (Veniero et al, 2013;Breveglieri et al, 2021). Repetitive TMS is a commonly used intervention technique for stroke patients (Fisicaro et al, 2019), and interventions using paired stimulation for frequency modifications are anticipated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of EEG power spectra involved in the proficiency of motor learning

et al. 2023

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Neuromodulation techniques for modulating brain activity can affect performance in a variety of behaviors. Techniques including transcranial alternating current stimulation and random noise stimulation can modulate neural oscillations. However, the intervention effect of neuromodulation approaches on motor learning is poor, partly because the electroencephalography (EEG) power spectra associated with the motor learning process has not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the characteristics of EEG power spectra in the process of motor learning in 15 right-handed healthy participants (5 females; mean age = 22.8 ± 3.0 years). The motor task was a ball-rotation task in which participants rotated two balls in the palm of their left hand. Participants performed a pre-test, the motor learning tasks, and a post-test. In the motor learning tasks, twenty 60 s trials were performed in the clockwise (CW) direction. Before and after the motor learning tasks, CW and counterclockwise (CCW; control condition) tasks were performed for 60 s each as pre- and post-tests. Therefore, CW direction was set as a motor learning task, while CCW was a test-only control task. EEG was recorded during the tests and tasks, and the power spectra in the alpha, beta, and gamma oscillations were calculated and compared between pre- and post-tests. The results showed that in the CW post-test, the power of the gamma band in the left parietal areas and the right frontal area was significantly higher than in the pre-test. In the CCW, there was no significant difference in each band at each area between the pre- and post-tests. Our findings reveal the characteristics of the EEG spectra related to the motor learning process. These results may help to establish more effective neuromodulation approaches to modifying neural oscillations in motor learning, including in rehabilitation fields.

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“…Nonetheless, M1-rTMS has been investigated in a few studies of affected cognition in Parkinson’s disease (PD), stroke, and fibromyalgia syndrome. The procognitive effect of M1 stimulation in these conditions can be rationalized by the increasingly identified roles of M1 in higher cognitive processes, such as attention, memory, motor imagery, and language comprehension, and the functional connectivity between M1 and parietal cortex that supports the planning and execution of goal-oriented movements [ 151 , 152 , 153 , 154 , 155 ].…”

Section: Cognitive Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Primary Motor Cortex beyond Motor Rehabilitation: A Review of the Current Evidence

et al. 2022

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has emerged as a novel technique to stimulate the human brain through the scalp. Over the years, identifying the optimal brain region and stimulation parameters has been a subject of debate in the literature on therapeutic uses of repetitive TMS (rTMS). Nevertheless, the primary motor cortex (M1) remained the conventional target for rTMS to treat motor symptoms, such as hemiplegia and spasticity, as it controls the voluntary movement of the body. However, with an expanding knowledge base of the M1 cortical and subcortical connections, M1-rTMS has shown a therapeutic efficacy that goes beyond the conventional motor rehabilitation to involve pain, headache, fatigue, dysphagia, speech and voice impairments, sleep disorders, cognitive dysfunction, disorders of consciousness, anxiety, depression, and bladder dysfunction. In this review, we summarize the latest evidence about using M1-rTMS to treat non-motor symptoms of diverse etiologies and discuss the potential mechanistic rationale behind the management of each of these symptoms.

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Functional Connectivity at Rest between the Human Medial Posterior Parietal Cortex and the Primary Motor Cortex Detected by Paired-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Cited by 10 publications

References 64 publications

How three-dimensional sketching environments affect spatial thinking: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of virtual reality

How three-dimensional sketching environments affect spatial thinking: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of virtual reality

Characteristics of EEG power spectra involved in the proficiency of motor learning

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Primary Motor Cortex beyond Motor Rehabilitation: A Review of the Current Evidence

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