Grape juice attenuates left ventricular hypertrophy in dyslipidemic mice

Abstract

We evaluated the effects of grape juice (Vitis labrusca L.) on dyslipidemia, resistance to insulin, and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in mice homozygous for the absence of the LDL receptor gene (LDLr-/-) under a hyperlipidemic diet. Methodology We divided 30 male mice (3 months old) into three groups (n = 10); the HL group was fed a high-fat diet, the HLU group received a high-fat diet and 2 g/kg/day of grape juice, and the HLS group was fed a high-fat diet and simvastatin (20 mg/kg/day). We assessed the blood pressure profile of the mice. We also determined the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipid profile, glycemic and insulinemic profiles, and calculated the HOMA-IR. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, interstitial collagen deposit, and the expression of CD40 ligand (CD40L) and metalloproteinases 2 and 9 were assessed immunohistologically. Results After 60 days, the mice treated with grape juice showed similar results as those of the group treated with simvastatin. The use of grape fruit attenuated dyslipidemia and insulin resistance and significantly increased the levels of high cholesterol density lipoproteins (HDLc). The antioxidant potential of phenolic compounds associated with the increase in HDLc levels in the mice of the HLU group prevented the development of LVH and arterial hypertension since it inhibited the inflammatory response induced by the CD40 pathway and its ligand CD40L. Consequently, there was a lower expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and lower serum levels of CRP.

Effect of peri‐conception high‐fat diets on maternal ovarian function, foetal and placentome growth, and vascular umbilical development in goats

“…Dyslipidaemia has previously been reported in other studies (Martins et al, 2020), and small exposure to high cholesterol levels can promote inflammation and induce oxidative stress (Aleisa et al, 2013;Tomofuji et al, 2006). Diets with a high supply of FA provide more substrate for ATP synthesis by mitochondria (Egnatchik et al, 2014), which consequently produces more reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in large amounts release pro-inflammatory cytokines (Shoelson et al, 2007), causing cellular damage and, at the Similar to the mechanisms described above, our results showed an increase in plasma glutathione peroxidase, an indicator of oxidative stress, in both HF groups after the mating period, which suggests that exposure to ROS was one of the factors responsible for the unusual growth observed in the CL.…”

Dyslipidemia’s influence on the secretion ovarian’s steroids in female mice

“…Studies in our laboratory showed that LDLR -/ -mice had increased blood levels of LDLc, VLDLc and triglyceride lipoproteins with or without high-fat diets, generating mixed dyslipidemia (Garcia et al 2011;Sarto et al, 2018;Martins et al, 2020), exhibiting a scenario of moderate hypercholesterolemia similar to that described in humans (Ishibashi et al, 1993).…”

“…In the present study, it was observed that the hyper lipidic diet, in both mice of the WTHL and KOHL group generated hypercholesterolemic dyslipidemia when compared to their controls (WTS and KOS groups), with a decrease in HDLc levels. Hypercholesterolemic dyslipidemia, characterized by increased serum levels of total cholesterol and LDLc, caused by the ingestion of a hyper lipidic diet, both in the WT (WTHL group) and KO (KOHL) mice was expected as this type of dyslipidemia was widely registered in several studies (Yokode et al, 1990;Ishibashi et al, 1994;Martins et al, 2020). The main effect of this diet on plasma lipids is an increase in the number of apoB-containing lipoproteins (VLDL, remnants and LDL) in relation to HDL (Fazio & Liton, 2001).…”

“…Research has shown that genetic dyslipidemia associated with food increased inflammatory markers and generated insulin resistance in LDLR -/ -mice, causing damage to the cardiovascular system (Garcia et al, 2011;Santos et al, 2017) and greater stress oxidative (Sarto et al, 2018;Martins et al, 2020). Guo et al (2015) demonstrated that LDLR -/ -mice showed no change in progesterone levels, but had a decrease in estrogen concentration when compared to wild mice.…”

Recent Molecular Mechanisms and Beneficial Effects of Phytochemicals and Plant-Based Whole Foods in Reducing LDL-C and Preventing Cardiovascular Disease

“…Moreover, left ventricular hypertrophy and arterial hypertension was prevented in the HLU group. These results suggest that dietary grape juice can potentially prevent CVD [ 131 ].…”