Highly Accelerated Aging Method for Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Film Using Xenon Lamp with Heating System

Abstract

PET films were degraded at temperature higher than 100 ∘ C with steam and xenon light by using the newly developed system. Degradation products obtained using the proposed and conventional systems were essentially the same, as indicated by the similar increase in the intensity of the carbonyl peak near 1685 cm −1 in the FT-IR spectra of irradiated specimens and spectrum of original PET film. Elastic moduli derived from the stress-strain (SS) curves obtained in tensile tests were almost the same in the case of the proposed and conventional systems and were independent of the heating temperature, light intensity, and irradiation time. Tensile strength of degraded PET films decreases with increasing heating temperature. Tensile strengths of PET films degraded at same temperature decrease linearly with increasing intensity of xenon light. The lifetime at 90% strength of PET films was calculated. Attempts were made to express this lifetime as functions of the light intensity and the reciprocal of the absolute temperature by using the Eyring model. Estimated lifetime 15.9 h of tensile test using Eyring model for PET film agreed with the lifetime 22.7 h derived from data measured using the xenon weather meter.

Experimental and Numerical Peeling Investigation on Aged Multi-Layer Anti-Shatter Safety Films (ASFs) for Structural Glass Retrofit

“…Firstly, the tensile investigation was carried out to provide a proper measure of basic mechanical parameters for PET, and especially to allow considering the tape extensibility in the portion no longer in contact with glass substrate, for delamination tests. It is in fact confirmed by several studies the degradation effect of ageing on PET mechanical parameters [35][36][37][38][39][40]. Starting from the slope of the tangent on the first linear portion of the stress-strain curve, the values for the elastic modulus (E = 3310 MPa), yield stress and yield strain were hence determined.…”

Recent Progressive Use of Advanced Atomic Force Microscopy in Polymer Science: A Review

“…The degradation of PET via the Norrish type I mechanism leads to the formation of ketone radicals and to alkyl or aryl radicals around the ester linkage groups by splitting the molecule near the carbonyl bond; in turn, the Norrish type II mechanism involves an intramolecular reaction via a cyclic six-membered transition species and results in carboxylic end groups and alkenes. Although there are several studies on the accelerated weathering degradation of PET in thin films [174,175], the degradation of PET fibers in a complex structure as filtration membranes has not been studied so far. Furthermore, due to limitations inherent in the characterization techniques used, the degradation studies are usually carried out on a macroscopic scale and the mechanism by which PET deteriorates upon accelerated weathering, especially on its surface at the nanoscale, is still an open question.…”

Weatherability of Polypropylene by Accelerated Weathering Tests and Outdoor Exposure Tests in Japan

“…Several light sources are available, including xenon arc lamps [4][5][6], open-flame carbon arc lamps (i.e., sunshine carbon arc lamp type) [7], ultraviolet carbon arc lamp type [8], ultraviolet fluorescent lamp type [9], and metal halide lamp type [10]. Furthermore, specifications have been stipulated concerning the test machines or test methods for all of these types of light sources other than metal halide lamps.…”