HLA in Jaidukama: an Amerindian secluded Colombian population with new haplotypes and Asian and Pacific-shared alleles

Abstract

America first inhabitants and peopling are still debated. In order to increase knowledge about these questions, we have aimed to detect HLA genes of an Amerindian secluded community: Jaidukama, who lives in North Colombia Equatorial forest. HLA genotyping and extended haplotype calculations were carried out in 39 healthy individuals belonging to 13 families. HLA frequencies were compared to other Amerindians and worldwide populations by calculating genetic distances, relatedness dendrograms and correspondence analyses. Only four DRB1 alleles were found (*0404, *0407, *1402 and *1602); however a total of 17 Amerindian different extended class I-class II HLA haplotypes were directly counted from the family studies, nine of them were specific of Jaidukamas. Some of the alleles or group of alleles within an extended haplotype (i.e. DQB1-DRB1) were also found in Asians and Pacific Islanders, further supporting existence of Asian and Pacific gene flow with Amerindians or a common founder effect. It is further supported that HLA extended haplotypes vary faster than alleles in populations. It is concluded that this unique model of Amerindian secluded families study suggests that rapid HLA haplotype variation may be more important than allele variation for survival (starting immune responses). This work may also be useful for future transplant programs in the area.

HLA-B Allele, Genotype, and Haplotype Frequencies in a Group of Healthy Individuals in Colombia

“…The HLA-B*51 genotype followed, with a rate higher than that found in this group of individuals. 21 Likewise, an HLA allele study in the Wayuu indigenous group, located in Colombia's Guajira Peninsula, showed the HLA-B*15 genotype as the most common (26.0%), followed by HLA-B*35, with a lower frequency, and HLA-B*39, with a similar frequency to those reported in the present study. 22 The frequencies of the HLA genotypes differ in Colombia's indigenous communities, compared with the general population.…”

“…In Jaidukama, an isolated Colombian community in Ituango, Antioquia, the genotype HLA-B*35 was the most common, with a frequency similar to that observed in the present study. The HLA-B*51 genotype followed, with a rate higher than that found in this group of individuals 21 . Likewise, an HLA allele study in the Wayuu indigenous group, located in Colombia's Guajira Peninsula, showed the HLA-B*15 genotype as the most common (26.0%), followed by HLA-B*35 , with a lower frequency, and HLA-B*39 , with a similar frequency to those reported in the present study 22 …”

“…The HLA-B*27 allele was found in Colombia's Wayuu community (1%), 22 but it was not detected in San Basilio de Palenque or Jaidukama and Chimila indigenous communities. 21,22 Limitations However, the results are comparable with the only work carried out by high-resolution methodology using cord blood from Colombian individuals.…”

HLA-G in Amerindians: Epidemiology and Worldwide Population Comparison

“…The three first are A*24:02-B*35:01-DRB1*14:02-G*01:04, A*02:01-B*35:04-DRB1*08:02-G*01:01 and A*02:01-B*40:02-DRB1*04:07-G*01:01 with a frequency of 2.9%, 1.7% and 1.2% respectively. These haplotypes without HLA-G locus are characteristic of Amerindian and have also been observed in Aymara [31], Quechua [32], Jaidukama [33], Mayan [35], Nahua [37], Wayu [36], Lama [38] and Mayo [34] populations. Two of these haplotypes, A*24:02-B*35:01-DRB1*14:02-G*01:04 and A*02:01-B*35:04-DRB1*08:02-G*01:01 bear DRB1*08:02 and DRB1*14:02 alleles which are considered "quasi specific" markers of Amerindian populations [51,52].…”

Ancestry of Amerindians and its Impact in Anthropology, Transplantation, HLA Pharmacogenomics and Epidemiology by HLA Study in Wiwa Colombian Population

“…Unpublished Results Germans 295 [38] Wayu 58 [41] Danish 124 [38] Arhuaco 123 [42] Sardinians 91 [38] Kogi 67 [42] Italians 184 [38] Mapuches 104 [33] French 179 [38] Cayapa 100 [43] Spaniards 176 [44] Population N References Population N References Xavantes 74 [15] Spanish Basques 80 [44] Guarani 32 [27] Algerians 102 [45] Toba-Pilaga 19 [15] Berbers (Souss) 98 [46] Mataco-Wichi 49 [15] Macedonians 172 [47] Eastern Toba 135 [15] Cretans 135 [48] Jaiduakama 39 [49] Bushmen 77 [38] Tarahumara 44 [32] South African Blacks 86 [38] Nahuas 85 [50] North American Blacks 132 [38] Mayos 60 [51] Chuvashians 82 [52] Teenek 55 [53] Russians 200 [54] Terena 60 [55] Western Samoa 102 [56] Uros 105 [14] Madang 65 [57] Lakota Sioux 302 [28] Rabaul 60 [57] Eskimos 35 [36] New Caledonia 65 [57] Athabascans 124 [58] Fidji 57 [57] Nivkhs 32 [36] Papua New Guinea 57 [57] Tlinglit 53 [38]...…”