Hypoglycemic potential of selenium nanoparticles capped with polyvinyl-pyrrolidone in streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes in rats

Abstract

This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of synthesized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) capped with glucose and polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP) on the hyperglycemia and prooxidants/antioxidants imbalance present in model streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. SeNPs were synthesized and characterized. Twenty-four albino male rats were grouped into four different groups. After the rats were induced to have type 2 diabetes by STZ, the SeNPs-treated groups received a dose of 0.5 mg/ml of SeNPs for seven days. Plasma glucose and insulin levels, pancreatic insulin expression, the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH) were evaluated. TEM images revealed the formation of semispherical particles with average size between 40 and 50 nm. SeNPs administration successfully reduced the hyperglycemia, raised the levels of insulin in both the pancreas and the plasma and restored the damaged pancreatic tissue. SeNPs also showed enhancement of the elimination of the diabetes-induced oxidative stress injuries by decreasing the pancreatic LPO and NO levels. Furthermore, the activities of the antioxidant enzyme GPx and GSH levels of the diabetic rats were increased. In conclusion, SeNPs capped with PVP could be used in the future as an agent that could manage Diabetes mellitus.

Therapeutic Potential and Main Methods of Obtaining Selenium Nanoparticles

“…In this study, SeNP increased insulin secretion and regenerated pancreatic cells. Administration of nanoparticles to animals increased the activity of glutathione peroxidases and reduced oxidative stress [ 185 ].…”

Accelerated diabetic wound healing by topical application of combination oral antidiabetic agents-loaded nanofibrous scaffolds: An in vitro and in vivo evaluation study

“…10 days after the STZ administration, wound formation studies were performed. In order to begin the experiments, rats were kept for 10 days to obtain a chronic hyperglycemic state [43][44][45].…”

Selenium Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications: From Development and Characterization to Therapeutics

“…There are several hypoglycaemic medicines currently available for diabetes treatment, such as biguanides and sulfonylureas, however, these medicines have several side effects like hypoglycemia, gastrointestinal distress, liver, and pancreatic damage. Se has already been shown to be an effective antioxidant to combat several biomarkers relative to diabetes, acting like insulin in STZ‐induced diabetic mice, by having similar hypoglycaemic effects, [ 178,181 ] and promoting antioxidant activities by being the major active compound in several antioxidant proteins such as GPx. [ 107 ]…”

“…[ 175 ] SeNPs offer many therapeutic advantages compared to the ionized Se forms, such as better bioavailability and low toxicity, which can be extremely important since Se is a chemical element that, although essential to human life, presents a very narrow therapeutic window between the beneficial and the toxic effect. [ 122,175–178 ] Overall, SeNPs have shown potential in the treatment of several diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, inflammatory‐related diseases, and by directly exercising their effect or by being incorporated in selenoproteins. [ 175 ] SeNPs have the possibility to be delivered by several routes, such as oral and intravenous administration, depending on the desired therapeutical application.…”

“…Interestingly, it was observed that the plasmatic levels of insulin in the SeNPs‐control group were dramatically reduced when compared to the control group, which can be explained by the fact that Se itself has insulin‐like properties. [ 178 ]…”