Inactivation of filter bound aerosolized MS2 bacteriophages using a non-conductive ultrasound transducer

Effects of Brush-Type Ionizer Materials on Virus Inactivation

“…The virus used for this experiment was the MS2 bacteriophage ( Escherichia coli bacteriophage MS2, American Type Culture Collection [ATCC] 15597-B1; ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). Unlike the viruses that are harmful to the human body, this virus is non-pathogenic and has been used in several studies [ 5 , 8 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. The virus was prepared by mixing a stock solution (100 μL) in 50 mL of sterile distilled water.…”

“…As shown in Figure 1 , compressed air was pumped, cleaned, and controlled by a mass flow controller (MFC), and then it was connected to an atomizer and aerosolized. The virus solution was passed through the attached 4 × 4 duct, and the distance from the inlet to the ionizer was 60 cm [ 5 ]. A HEPA filter (H13, 99.965%, Geo Pure Tech, Seoul, Korea) was used as a control filter, as Mittal et al found that it survived for 6 days without significant loss of viability upon contact with an MS2 bacteriophage [ 8 , 30 ].…”

“…This study was conducted entirely at room temperature (25 °C) and at a relative humidity of 50% or less; the sampling was performed three times. The experimental preparation and inactivation efficiency calculations in this study were based on previous studies by Versoza et al [ 5 , 8 , 29 ].…”

“…COVID-19, which is highly contagious, has spread throughout the world, and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a pandemic on 11 March 2020 [ 4 ]. Viruses are only nanometers in size, ranging from 20–400 nm, and they can remain in the air for long periods of time [ 2 , 5 ]. Viruses have a low sedimentation rate and survive well in the air depending on factors such as absolute humidity and the physical and chemical properties of the droplets [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Reduction of Escherichia Coli Using Metal Plates with the Influenced of Applied Low Current and Physical Barrier of Filter Layers

“…The differences between treatments with and without electricity were also calculated. All calculations were based on our previous study [20]. All experiments were repeated multiple times, and three to four experiments with consistent data were used to calculate the geometric means and standard deviations.…”