Influence of the Humidity on Nanoparticle-Based Resistive Strain Gauges

Digianantonio, Lucas; Gauvin, Mélanie; Alnasser, Thomas; Babonneau, David; Viallet, B.; Grisolia, J.; Viau, Guillaume; Coati, Alessandro; Garreau, Y.; Ressier, Laurence

doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b00822

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Besides the sensors’ mechanical robustness discussed above, their chemical stability, especially their sensitivity to humidity fluctuations and their possible degradation via oxidation of the cross-linker’s thiol groups, has to be considered in view of specific future applications. As reported by Joseph et al, the thiol groups of 9DT cross-linked GNP films are oxidized after storage in ambient air for 44 months.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Strain Gauges via Contact Printing: A Simple Route to Healthcare Sensors Based on Cross-Linked Gold Nanoparticles

Ketelsen¹,

Yesilmen²,

Schlicke³

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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In this study, we developed a novel and efficient process for the fabrication of resistive strain gauges for healthcare-related applications. First, 1,9-nonanedithiol cross-linked gold nanoparticle (GNP) films were prepared via layer-by-layer (LbL) spin-coating and subsequently transferred onto flexible polyimide foil by contact printing. Four-point bending tests revealed linear response characteristics with gauge factors of ∼14 for 4 nm GNPs and ∼26 for 7 nm GNPs. This dependency of strain sensitivity is attributed to the perturbation of charge carrier tunneling between neighboring GNPs, which becomes more efficient with increasing particle size. Fatigue tests revealed that the strain-resistance performance remained nearly the same after 10.000 strain/relaxation cycles. We demonstrate that these sensors are well suited to monitor muscle movements. Furthermore, we fabricated all-printed strain sensors by directly transferring cross-linked GNP films onto soft PDMS sheets equipped with interdigitated electrodes. Due to the low elastic modulus of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), these sensors are easily deformed and, therefore, they respond sensitively to faint forces. When taped onto the skin above the radial artery, they enable the well-resolved and robust recording of pulse waves with diagnostically relevant details.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Strain Gauges via Contact Printing: A Simple Route to Healthcare Sensors Based on Cross-Linked Gold Nanoparticles

Ketelsen¹,

Yesilmen²,

Schlicke³

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…This results in a decreasing of the tunneling probability and consequently of the conductivity. On the other hand, since the permittivity of the water molecules are larger than that of air (or vacuum), the absorption or diffusion of the water molecules into the stripes can lower the charging energies

true(E_{c} \approx e^{2} / (4 π ϵ_{r} ϵ_{0} d) true)

and increase the conductivity . In our case, the decreasing of the conductivity upon high humidity indicates that swelling of the stripes dominates the change of conductivity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…The hydration of the hydrophilic molecules surrounding the nanoparticles, which is BSPP in our case, makes the interdigitation of the molecules less favorable compared to the dehydrated state . This is accompanied by a rise of about 1–2% in the center‐to‐center distance between neighboring NPs and by an increase of the compactness of the NP assembly . Thus the distance between the AuNPs increases, leading to a macroscopic swelling of the AuNP stripes upon exposure to the humid atmosphere.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…As most NP devices are exposed and operated in the environmental air or even in the aqueous medium, one of the most important factors for influencing the performance of the NP devices is the humidity. Several studies have been conducted to investigate the influences of humidity on the NP materials . It has been shown that the humidity influences the NP materials in terms of changes in the NP–NP distance and in the permittivity of the medium between the NPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electronic Responses to Humidity in Monolayer and Multilayer AuNP Stripes Fabricated by Convective Self‐Assembly

Zhang

Dai

Viktorova

et al. 2018

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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Nanoparticle devices employing electrical transduction mechanisms have been developed for various fields of application such as strain sensing, chemical detection, photo detectors, solar cells, memory devices, and so on. Since most devices are exposed and operated at ambient conditions, the humidity poses a problem, influencing their electrical properties via the interaction between the water molecules and NP materials. Here, the fabrication of multilayer and monolayer AuNP stripes with different dominating charge transport regimes is reported and their electronic responses to humidity are studied. It is shown that the humiditydependent electronic response is strongly correlated with the morphology and electron transport regimes in the AuNP stripes. Due to the differences in AuNP arrangements and the resulting dominant charge transport regime, the multilayer and mono layer AuNP stripes response differently to the humidity. This work reveals the possible mechanism accounting for their different responses and can help the development of high performance nanoparticle-based devices.

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“…Ketelsen et al [ 39 ] have also reported on the endurance characteristics of strain gauges on flexible substrates, based on cross-linked gold NPs after performing a large number of strain/relaxation cycles, without, however, modifying the humidity environment during the tests. As proposed [ 40 ] using SAXS measurements, water molecules incorporated between nanoparticles result in a swelling of the NP film which increases the resistance of the nanoparticle network in a competitive way to the measured strain. It is, therefore, crucial to investigate the efficient protection of flexible strain sensors against humidity, as well as the effectiveness of the protection itself in increased strain (offered by the increased flexibility of the polyimide substrate).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin Film Protected Flexible Nanoparticle Strain Sensors: Experiments and Modeling

Aslanidis

Skotadis

Moutoulas

et al. 2020

Sensors

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In this work, the working performance of Platinum (Pt), solvent-free nanoparticle (NP)-based strain sensors made on a flexible substrate has been studied. First, a new model has been developed in order to explain sensor behaviour under strain in a more effective manner than what has been previously reported. The proposed model also highlights the difference between sensors based on solvent-free and solvent-based NPs. As a second step, the ability of atomic layer deposition (ALD) developed Al2O3 (alumina) thin films to act as protective coatings against humidity while in adverse conditions (i.e., variations in relative humidity and repeated mechanical stress) has been evaluated. Two different alumina thicknesses (5 and 11 nm) have been tested and their effect on protection against humidity is studied by monitoring sensor resistance. Even in the case of adverse working conditions and for increased mechanical strain (up to 1.2%), it is found that an alumina layer of 11 nm provides sufficient sensor protection, while the proposed model remains valid. This certifies the appropriateness of the proposed strain-sensing technology for demanding applications, such as e-skin and pressure or flow sensing, as well as the possibility of developing a comprehensive computational tool for NP-based devices.

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Influence of the Humidity on Nanoparticle-Based Resistive Strain Gauges

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

Fabrication of Strain Gauges via Contact Printing: A Simple Route to Healthcare Sensors Based on Cross-Linked Gold Nanoparticles

Fabrication of Strain Gauges via Contact Printing: A Simple Route to Healthcare Sensors Based on Cross-Linked Gold Nanoparticles

Electronic Responses to Humidity in Monolayer and Multilayer AuNP Stripes Fabricated by Convective Self‐Assembly

Thin Film Protected Flexible Nanoparticle Strain Sensors: Experiments and Modeling

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