Intratracheal instillation of platinum nanoparticles may induce inflammatory responses in mice

Abstract

Platinum nanoparticles (PNPs) are potentially useful for sensing, catalysis, and other applications in the biological and medical sciences. However, toxicity data on the PNPs are very limited. In this study, we prepared PNPs using K(2)PtCl(6), (21 nm in phosphate buffered saline) and tested inflammatory responses in mice after a single intratracheal instillation. The concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNF-alpha, and IL-6), TH0 cytokine (IL-2), TH1-type cytokine (IL-12), and TH2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5) were increased in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid by PNPs. It was found that the induciton of TH2-type cytokines were higher than TH1-type cytokine on day 28 after instillation. TGF-beta was also significantly increased in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid during the experimental period. IgE level in serum was increased with the increase of B cells distribution. Intracellular level of glutathione (GSH) was diminished by treatment of PNPs. When the distribution of T cell subtype (CD4(+)/CD8(+)) was analyzed, the ratio was decreased. Gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases was found to be significantly increased on day 1. By histopathological examination, cell infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils was observed in lung tissue during the experimental period. Based on these findings, it is suggested that the exposure to PNPs may induce inflammatory responses in mice.

Short Communication Transient increase in IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α gene expression in rat liver exposed to gold nanoparticles

“…Exposure to anatase TiO 2 nanoparticles has been found to increase significantly oxidative damage expressed as lipid peroxidation and to produce higher inflammation responses in association with the significantly increased TNF-α and IL-1b levels (Wang et al, 2008). A single intratracheal instillation of platinum and silver nanoparticles causes progressive increase in proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-a) by day 28 postinstillation (Park et al, 2010(Park et al, , 2011. Intragastric administration of TiO 2 nanoparticles has been shown to increase significantly the mRNA expression of several inflammatory cytokines in mouse liver (Cui et al, 2011).…”

Calcium Phosphate Scaffold Loaded with Platinum Nanoparticles for Bone Allograft

“…Briefly, the degradation rates were faster through the first 15 days and whereas it decreased at day 15 ranging between 10-60%, followed by a steady increase in the rate degradation up till day 30, up till 70%. While, the decrease in degradation rate at day 20 and 25 for the scaffolds sample 3 and 5 may due to the depositing and partially saturating the SBF solution by CPs-PtNPs powder or may due to the unknown behaviours of nanoparticles (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). These results indicate that Pt NPs delayed the degradation rates of the scaffolds via decreasing the solubility of the scaffold.…”

“…Therefore, noble metal nanostructures have been synthesized in many forms, such as wires, and flowers and have been successfully used in many applications such as medical (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). Platinum nanostructures are of particular interest for many applications, including sensing, and medical applications such as potential medicinal substance for oxidative stress diseases with suppressed mitochondrial complex (18)(19)(20)(21) . Pt NPs show antioxidant properties that herald a promising future for the treatment of oxidative-stress-related conditions, such as neurodegenerative disorders, and including Alzheimer's diseases (18)(19)(20)(21).…”

“…Platinum nanostructures are of particular interest for many applications, including sensing, and medical applications such as potential medicinal substance for oxidative stress diseases with suppressed mitochondrial complex (18)(19)(20)(21) . Pt NPs show antioxidant properties that herald a promising future for the treatment of oxidative-stress-related conditions, such as neurodegenerative disorders, and including Alzheimer's diseases (18)(19)(20)(21). Additionally, PtNPs have been shown to protect cells from oxidation-induced inflammation which inhibits pulmonary inflammation and induced bone loss by decreasing osteoclastogenesis (18)(19)(20)(21)(22).…”

“…Pt NPs show antioxidant properties that herald a promising future for the treatment of oxidative-stress-related conditions, such as neurodegenerative disorders, and including Alzheimer's diseases (18)(19)(20)(21). Additionally, PtNPs have been shown to protect cells from oxidation-induced inflammation which inhibits pulmonary inflammation and induced bone loss by decreasing osteoclastogenesis (18)(19)(20)(21)(22). There are many versatile methods for biomaterials scaffolds fabrication such as freeze dryer, solvent casting, laser, and gas foaming.…”