“…Semiotics deals with the analysis of signs and sign systems that produce meaning. Semiotic studies have, therefore, been used in marketing to analyse the visual and verbal contents of communication materials such as advertising, logos and packaging (Ares et al, 2011;Benmoussa and Maynadier, 2013;Bobrie, [2009] 2013; Chalomon and Nabec, 2013;Dano, 1996Dano, , 1998Floch, 2003Floch, , 2010Freire, 2014;Gurviez and De Montety, 2001;Heilbrunn, 1997Heilbrunn, , 1998Jeanneret and Souchier, 1999;Marion, 2003;Maynadier, 2014; see also Marion, 1993, or Mick et al, 2004, for extensive literature reviews on the topic).…”