Levels of retinyl palmitate and retinol in stratum corneum, epidermis and dermis of SKH-1 mice

Yan, Jun; Xia, Qingsu; Webb, Peggy J.; Warbritton, Alan; Wamer, Wayne G.; Howard, Paul C.; Boudreau, Mary D.; Fu, Peter P.

doi:10.1191/0748233706th252oa

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The skin recovery method for retinol was developed by Yan et al . . This method was used and slightly modified for all other antioxidants in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of skin penetration of antioxidants of varying lipophilicity

Abla

Banga

2012

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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Antioxidants play a vital role in protecting the skin from environmental distress. As the skin is constantly exposed to harmful UV radiation, endogenous antioxidants present in the superficial layers of the skin neutralize reactive oxygen species. Over time, antioxidants become depleted and loss their protective effect on the skin. Therefore, supplementing skin with topical antioxidant can help replenish this loss and fight the oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to deliver antioxidants topically and quantify the amount permeated in the stratum corneum and underlying skin. Polyphenols (catechin, resveratrol and curcumin) and vitamin (retinol) with various lipophilic properties were delivered via porcine ear skin, using propylene glycol as a vehicle. The amount in the stratum corneum and underlying skin was quantified using tape stripping and skin extraction methods, respectively, and samples were analysed via HPLC. All four antioxidants permeated into the skin from the propylene glycol vehicle. The order of the amount of antioxidant in the stratum corneum was catechin > resveratrol~ retinol> curcumin, whereas that in the underlying skin was retinol > catechin~ resveratrol~ curcumin. Of the total amount of polyphenols in the skin, approximately 90% was retained in the stratum corneum whereas 10% was quantified in the underlying skin. In contrast, 10% of retinol was retained in the stratum corneum whereas 90% permeated in the underlying skin. Polyphenols (catechin, resveratrol and curcumin) showed high concentration in the stratum corneum whereas retinol showed high accumulation in the underlying layers of the skin.

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“…The skin recovery method for retinol was developed by Yan et al . . This method was used and slightly modified for all other antioxidants in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of skin penetration of antioxidants of varying lipophilicity

Abla

Banga

2012

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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“…We (Yan, et al, 2006a) have previously shown that levels of both RP and retinol in the skin of naive SKH-1 female mice are age-dependent. In the subsequent studies, we (Yan, et al, 2006b) examined the accumulation and disappearance of RP and retinol in female SKH-1 mice that received a single or repeated (two, three, or six) daily topical cream applications of RP (0.5 or 2%, w/w).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…RP and retinol analysis of stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis Stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis skin layers were separated from the mice untreated and treated with RP as previously reported (Yan, et al, 2006a). Following the procedures described previously (Yan, et al, 2006a,b), each tape strip from the stratum corneum layers was extracted with ethanol for 30 min at 6°C.…”

Section: Analysis Of Skin Rp and Retinolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of retinyl palmitate and retinol in the skin of SKH-1 mice topically treated with retinyl palmitate and concomitant exposure to simulated solar light for thirteen weeks

et al. 2007

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Retinyl esters account for more than 70% of the endogenous vitamin A found in human skin, and retinyl palmitate is one of the retinyl esters in this pool. Human skin is also exposed to retinyl palmitate exogenously through the topical application of cosmetic and skin care products that contain retinyl palmitate. To date, there is limited information on the penetration and distribution of retinyl palmitate and vitamin A within in the skin. In this study, the accumulation of retinyl palmitate and generation of retinol in the skin of male and female SKH-1 mice that received repeated topical applications of creams containing 0.0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 5.0%, 10%, or 13% of retinyl palmitate 5 days a week for a period of 13 weeks were studied. Because products containing retinyl palmitate are frequently applied to sun-exposed skin, and because it is well established that exposure to sunlight and UV light can alter cutaneous levels of retinoids, mice in this study were additionally exposed 5 days a week to simulated solar light. The results showed that retinyl palmitate diffused into the skin and was partially hydrolyzed to retinol. The levels of retinyl palmitate in the skin of mice that were administered retinyl palmitate cream were higher than control values, and levels of both retinyl palmitate and retinol increased with the application of higher concentrations of retinyl palmitate in the cream. Our results indicate that topically applied retinyl palmitate may alter the normal physiological levels of retinyl palmitate and retinol in the skin of SKH-1 mice and may have a significant impact on vitamin A homeostasis in the skin.

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“…RP is the major esterified form of retinol and accounts for >90% of the retinyl esters endogenously formed in skin. As retinyl esters are more chemically and thermally stable than retinol, retinyl esters are preferred retinoid used in skin care products, and are commercially used as an ingredients in cosmetic products (Yan et al , 2006a; Yan et al , 2006b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS) Analysis of Skin Metabolome Changes in the Ultraviolet B-Induced Mice

Park

Kim

Jang

et al. 2013

Biomolecules and Therapeutics

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Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major environmental factor that leads to acute and chronic reactions in the human skin. UV exposure induces wrinkle formation, DNA damage, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Most mechanistic studies of skin physiology and pharmacology related with UV-irradiated skin have focused on proteins and their related gene expression or single- targeted small molecules. The present study identified and analyzed the alteration of skin metabolites following UVB irradiation and topical retinyl palmitate (RP, 5%) treatment in hairless mice using direct analysis in real time (DART) time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) with multivariate analysis. Under the negative ion mode, the DART ion source successfully ionized various fatty acids including palmitoleic and linolenic acid. From DART-TOF-MS fingerprints measured in positive mode, the prominent dehydrated ion peak (m/z: 369, M+H-H2O) of cholesterol was characterized in all three groups. In positive mode, the discrimination among three groups was much clearer than that in negative mode by using multivariate analysis of orthogonal partial-least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). DART-TOF-MS can ionize various small organic molecules in living tissues and is an efficient alternative analytical tool for acquiring full chemical fingerprints from living tissues without requiring sample preparation. DART-MS measurement of skin tissue with multivariate analysis proved to be a powerful method to discriminate between experimental groups and to find biomarkers for various experiment models in skin dermatological research.

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Levels of retinyl palmitate and retinol in stratum corneum, epidermis and dermis of SKH-1 mice

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Quantification of skin penetration of antioxidants of varying lipophilicity

Quantification of skin penetration of antioxidants of varying lipophilicity

Levels of retinyl palmitate and retinol in the skin of SKH-1 mice topically treated with retinyl palmitate and concomitant exposure to simulated solar light for thirteen weeks

Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS) Analysis of Skin Metabolome Changes in the Ultraviolet B-Induced Mice

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