Longitudinal Analysis of Adiponectin through 20-Year Type 1 Diabetes Duration

Abstract

Little information exists on the trajectory and determinants of adiponectin, a possible insulin sensitizer and marker for inflammation and endothelial function, across the duration of type 1 diabetes. The Wisconsin Diabetes Registry Study followed an incident cohort ≤30 years of age when diagnosed with type 1 diabetes during 1987–1992 up to 20-year duration. Adiponectin was concurrently and retrospectively (from samples frozen at −80°C) measured for those participating in a 20-year exam (n = 304), during 2007–2011. Adiponectin levels were higher in females, declined through adolescence, and increased with age thereafter. Lower levels were associated with greater body weight and waist circumference and with higher insulin dose, especially at longer diabetes durations. Higher levels were associated with higher HbA1c and, at longer durations, with higher albumin-creatinine ratio. Adiponectin levels showed consistency within individuals that was not explained by these factors. We conclude that markers for insulin resistance are associated with lower adiponectin, and markers for potential microvascular complications are associated with higher adiponectin. The previously reported relationship with HbA1c remains largely unexplained. Additional individual specific factors likely also influence adiponectin level. The relationship between adiponectin and urinary protein excretion may enable identification of those predisposed to kidney disease earlier in type 1 diabetes.

Role of Adiponectin and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in the Pathogenesis and Evolution of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents

“…Overall, HbA1C was significantly correlated with TNF-α, but not in separate groups. These findings are similar to several previous reports [ 32 , 40 , 41 ].…”

“…In the Wisconsin Diabetes Registry Study, the following conclusions were drawn: adiponectin level decreased with age, being more stable after the age of 20 years, females had higher adiponectin levels than males, and adiponectin was strongly correlated with waist circumference, weight, BMI, HbA1C, intensive insulin management, insulin pump use, and log insulin dose [ 32 ]. Adiponectin levels increased significantly following insulin therapy in the first five days and then had stabilized during the remission period in the third month after disease onset.…”

Assessment the effects of insulin on adiponectin, nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase and lipid profile in type 1 diabetic patients

“…Ding et al (2000) reported that insulin increased NO production in cultured endothelial cells incubated with high-glucose conc., but this stimulatory effect of insulin is inhibited by hyperglycaemia. Several studies have been previously demonstrated that adiponectin level is higher in type 1 diabetic patients as compared to healthy control (Galler et al 2007;Maahs et al 2007;LeCaire and Palta 2015), which are in line of our findings. Again, insulin therapy reported a non-significant reduction in APN level.…”

Study of Circulating Adiponectin Level in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Najran-KSA

“…Our results showed negative correlation between the serum levels of Adiponectin ng/ml and duration of disease/ year, this finding disagrees with the finding of Lindström et al who reported that the increase in circulating adiponectin concentrations in patients with type 1 diabetes appears to be strongly associated with long diabetes duration [34], however, in our study group the majorities of patients with long duration of diabetes are well-controlled patients. Our data showed that there was an inverse correlation between the level of serum adiponectin and BMI in type 1 diabetic children, many studies showed the same finding [31,35,36]. Decreased adiponectin levels was linked to Obesity after gender, age and diabetes were adjusted when compared to none obese patients [31,37], serum adiponectin level increases with weight reduction in both diabetic and healthy control individuals [38].…”