Nucleotide binding site/leucine-rich repeats, Pto-like and receptor-like kinases related to disease resistance in grapevine

Abstract

Nucleotide Binding Site/Leucine-Rich Repeat (NBS-LRR) and Serine/Threonine Kinase (STK) genes are two of the known classes of resistance (R-) genes in plants, and occur in large multigene families. Systematic identification of genes for NBS-LRRs and STKs provides a means of access to genomic regions that may be involved in disease resistance. Here we present a picture of these two families of R-gene analogs (RGAs) in grape with the aim of developing a set of resistance-related sequence-tagged-site (STS) markers. One hundred and three NBS-LRR sequences were isolated. They included members of the CC (coiled-coil) and TIR (Toll-interleukin receptor) sub-classes. A comparative analysis with other angiosperm NBSs is provided. Fifty-three genes for receptor-like kinases (RLKs) with serine/threonine specificity were identified. RLK sequences formed a putative monophyletic group within the kinase superfamily. They were similar to both cytoplasmic RLKs, such as Pto, and RLKs with LRR, S-locus, lectin-like and thaumatin-like extracellular binding-domains. The latter resembled the products of the R-related genes Xa21, FLS2, Rlk10, SFR2, and PR5K. Forty-five reference RGAs were converted into STSs by using appropriately designed specific primers. RGA-STSs were present in diverse grape genotypes, and >85% of the primers were capable of amplifying the STSs across the taxa Vitis and Muscadinia. DNA sequence polymorphism among these RGAs was assessed by SSCP (single-strand conformation polymorphism) analysis in over 20 Vitis spp. Finally, 45 universal primers for grape RGAs are proposed that should permit tagging of R-related regions in any grape genome.

Root Proteomic Analysis of Grapevine Rootstocks Inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. herbemontis

“…The spot ID 252, "serine/threonine protein kinase A", belongs to a class of plant resistance (R-) gene products that determine recognition of pathogen infection and trigger the plant defence system (Di Gaspero and Cipriani, 2003). Two cultivars of Vitis amurensis had the expression of R-genes enhanced in response to pathogenic fungus infection (Xu et al, 2015), and a similar process was found in the present study with AMF inoculation.…”

Structural and phylogenetic analysis of Pto-type disease resistance gene candidates in Hevea brasiliensis

“…Southern hybridization using the tomato Pto gene as a probe revealed the presence of Pto-RGCs in many plant species such as Arabidopsis, bean, soybean, pea, rice, maize, barley, wheat, and sugarcane (Martin et al, 1993). Recent studies have reported the cloning and characterization of Pto-RGCs from potato, bean, and grapevine (Vleeshouwers et al, 2001;Vallad et al, 2001;Di Gaspero and Cipriani, 2003). Furthermore, other Pto-RGC sequences from different plant families have been deposited in GenBank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov); however, these sequences have not been characterized.…”

“…The use of PCR with degenerate primers targeting the highly conserved subdomains of STK proteins has also proven to be an efficient method for isolating Pto-RGCs in bean and grapevine (Vallad et al, 2001;Di Gaspero and Cipriani, 2003), indicating that this approach could be used to retrieve this type of gene from other plant species.…”

“…Southern hybridization using the tomato Pto gene as a probe revealed the presence of Pto-resistance gene candidates (RGCs) in many plant species such as Arabidopsis, bean, soybean, pea, rice, maize, barley, wheat, and sugarcane (Martin et al, 1993). Pto-type disease resistance gene analogs have been successfully amplified from banana, potato, bean, and grapevine among other crops (Vleeshouwers et al, 2001;Vallad et al, 2001;Di Gaspero and Cipriani, 2003;Peraza-Echeverria et al, 2007); however, no molecular characterization of hevea Pto-RGCs has yet been published. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: 1) to obtain Pto-RGCs from hevea using degenerate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 2) to determine the structure and phylogenetic relationships of the hevea Pto-RGCs.…”

Toward Marker Assisted Selection for Fungal Disease Resistance in Grapevine

“…they are thought to be involved in the pathogen recognition that activates signal transduction that switches on the defence mechanism. Members of this gene family were first identified in grape by Di Gaspero and cipriani (9,10). the information, concerning their genomic organization, co-localization with qtls for disease resistance and their potential for development of markers linked to the resistance loci in grape is provided by genetic map studies, physical maps and the grape genome sequence.…”