Osmotic adjustment in Fraxinus excelsior L . : malate and mannitol accumulation in leaves under drought conditions

Guicherd, P.; Peltier, J. P.; Gout, Elisabeth; Bligny, Richard; Marigo, G.

doi:10.1007/pl00009664

Cited by 50 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This seems reasonable prima facie evidence that osmotic adjustment was not induced by summer drought or that solute concentrations were maintained after commencement of irrigation. The latter seems unlikely given that other studies have reported osmotic potential and/or concentrations of solutes returning to pre-treatment condition within a matter of days (Gebre et al 1997;Herppich and Peckmann 1997;CliVord et al 1998) or weeks (Guicherd et al 1997). The absence of active osmotic adjustment (i.e., apart from constitutive adjustment) is somewhat puzzling given that osmotic adjustment has been reported in studies of E. marginata seedlings (Stoneman et al 1994), a range of other Eucalyptus (White et al 2000;Merchant et al 2006b).…”

Section: Osmotic Potential and Solutesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Changes in gas exchange versus leaf solutes as a means to cope with summer drought in Eucalyptus marginata

2007

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Two of the ways in which plants cope with water deficits are stomatal closure and "osmotic adjustment". We sought to assess the contributions of these processes to maintenance of leaf hydration in field-grown, 7-year-old Eucalyptus marginata. Plants were exposed to their normal summer drought (controls) or supplied with additional water (irrigated). Irrigation increased photosynthesis by 30% in E. marginata. These increases in photosynthesis were related to an 80% increase in g (s). However, there was no difference in substomatal CO(2) concentrations between treatments, or in chloroplast CO(2) concentrations, as indicated by carbon isotope composition of leaf soluble sugars. This suggests that impaired mesophyll metabolism may partially explain slower rates of photosynthesis in plants exposed to their normal summer drought. There was no difference in concentrations of solutes or osmotic potential between non-irrigated and irrigated individuals, perhaps because relative water content was the same in non-irrigated and irrigated plants due to stomatal sensitivity to water deficits. Irrespective of the absence of osmotic adjustment, analysis of leaf solutes gave a clear indication of the major groups of compounds responsible for maintaining cell osmotic potential. Soluble sugars were three times as abundant as amino acids. Proline, a putatively osmotically active amino acid, contributed less than 1% of total solutes. These patterns of solutes in E. marginata are consistent with a growing body of literature arguing a greater role for carbohydrates and cyclitols and lesser role for amino acids in maintaining osmotic potential. Our data suggest the primary mechanism by which E. marginata coped with drought was partial stomatal closure; however, we cannot discount the possibility of osmotic adjustment under more severe water deficits.

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Section: Osmotic Potential and Solutesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Changes in gas exchange versus leaf solutes as a means to cope with summer drought in Eucalyptus marginata

2007

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“…First, the low Ψ noon values observed during the dry period indicate a high capacity of ash trees to absorb water even from relatively dry soils. Active osmotic adjustment during water shortage has been documented in this species by Guicherd et al (1997), based on the accumulation of malate and mannitol in the leaf symplasm.…”

Section: Interspecific Variation In the Relationship Between Xylem Flmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The species can develop very low Ψ L (up to -6 MPa, Marigo et al (2000)), and is able to maintain sufficient leaf conductance and CO 2 assimilation during drought (Carlier et al, 1992;Guicherd et al, 1997;Korn, 2004;Marigo et al, 2000). A high maximum g L and a low sensitivity of sap flow to water shortage are elements of a drought-tolerating strategy.…”

Section: Species Adaptation To Droughtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf water status and stem xylem flux in relation to soil drought in five temperate broad-leaved tree species with contrasting water use strategies

et al. 2009

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. Leaf water status and stem xylem flux in relation to soil drought in five temperate broad-leaved tree species with contrasting water use strategies. Annals of Forest Science, Springer Verlag/EDP Sciences, 2009, 66 (1), pp.1. Ann. For. Sci. 66 (2009) Abstract• Five temperate broad-leaved tree species were compared with respect to their water consumption strategies under ample and restricted water supply. We measured synchronously leaf conductance (g L ) in the sun canopy, xylem sap flux (J s ) and leaf water potential (predawn, Ψ pd and noon, Ψ noon ) in adult trees in a mixed stand and related them to the fluctuations in vapor pressure deficit (D) and soil moisture.• Maximum g L was particularly high in F. excelsior, C. betulus and T. cordata and revealed a higher D sensitivity. Ψ pd remained constantly high in A. pseudoplatanus, C. betulus and F. excelsior, but decreased in T. cordata and F. sylvatica with decreasing soil moisture.• J sd decreased linearly with decreasing soil matrix potential in all species except for F. excelsior. Apparent hydraulic conductance in the soil-to-leaf flow path (L c ) was higher in A. pseudoplatanus than in the other species.• F. sylvatica maintained a low maximum g L and reduced J sd markedly upon drought, but faced severe decreases in Ψ pd and Ψ noon . F. excelsior represents an opposite strategy with high maximum g L and stable Ψ pd .• The species drought sensitivity increases in the sequence F. excelsior < C. betulus < T. cordata < A. pseudoplatanus < F. sylvatica. • J sd a diminué linéairement avec le potentiel matriciel du sol pour toutes les espèces excepté F. excelsior. La conductivité hydraulique apparente du trajet sol-feuille (L c ) était plus élevée chez A. pseudoplatanus que dans les autres espèces. Mots-clés• F. sylvatica a maintenu une faible g L maximum et a réduit sensiblement J sd face à la sécheresse, mais a connu de graves diminutions de Ψ pd et Ψ noon . F. excelsior présentait une stratégie opposée avec une g L maximum élevée et un Ψ pd stable.• La sensibilité des espèces à la sécheresse augmente selon la séquence F. excelsior < C. betulus < T. cordata < A. pseudoplatanus < F. sylvatica.

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“…For a comparative study, these experiments were also extended to include Fraxinus excelsior trees, which have been found to occur with Acer pseudoplatanus or Acer opalus, depending on the environmental conditions [11]. In fact, the common ash is a mesophilic species that usually thrives on wellwatered alluvial soils, but which can also survive the strong water deficit on hillslopes [7]. These different species are common and widespread throughout the North Alpine region [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative studies of the water relations and the hydraulic characteristics in Fraxinus excelsior, Acer pseudoplatanus and A. opalus trees under soil water contrasted conditions

Lemoine¹,

Peltier

Marigo

2001

Ann. For. Sci.

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-Plant water relationships and hydraulic characteristics were measured for two species of the genus Acer that co-occur with Fraxinus excelsior, but differ in their habitat preference with respect to soil moisture: Acer pseudoplatanus is restricted to wet habitats, whereas Acer opalus occurs on drier sites. The data obtained showed significantly lower hydraulic conductance and lower vulnerability to embolism in the drought-tolerant species, Acer opalus, than in the water prefering species Acer pseudoplatanus. Similar differences in hydraulic conductance and xylem vulnerability to embolism were also found under dry acclimated conditions for Fraxinus excelsior trees, indicating that the hydraulic differences observed might be attributable to the contrasting soil water conditions of the sites. The possible physiological and ecological significance of such differences are discussed, in relation to habitat preference and the distribution of each species.hydraulic conductance / xylem embolism / drought tolerance / Acer pseudoplatanus / Acer opalus / Fraxinus excelsior Résumé -Étude comparée des relations hydriques et des caractéristiques hydrauliques chez Fraxinus excelsior, Acer pseudoplatanus et Acer opalus dans différents milieux secs et humides. Ce travail concerne l'étude des relations hydriques et la détermination des caractéristiques hydrauliques chez deux espèces du genre Acer, présentes fréquemment dans les espaces naturels en compagnie de Fraxinus excelsior, mais différant dans leur mode de distribution en fonction de la disponilité de l'eau du sol : Acer pseudoplatanus se rencontre sur des sols bien alimentés en eau, Acer opalus a une préférence marquée pour les milieux secs. Les résultats obtenus montrent, chez Acer opalus, l'espèce tolérante à la sécheresse, que la conductance hydraulique et la vulnérabilité à la cavitation sont moins fortes que chez Acer pseudoplatanus, l'espèce des zones humides. Des modifications identiques de la conductance hydraulique et de la vulné-rabilité à la cavitation s'observent également chez Fraxinus excelsior pour l'espèce acclimatée aux milieux secs, ce qui semble indiquer que ces changements des caractéristiques hydrauliques pourraient être associés aux conditions hydriques des milieux. Ces résultats sont analysés au plan physiologique et écologique en relation avec le mode de distribution de ces espèces dans leur environnement respectif.conductance hydraulique / embolie du xylème / tolérance à la sécheresse / Acer pseudoplatanus / Acer opalus / Fraxinus excelsior Ann. For. Sci. 58 (2001) [723][724][725][726][727][728][729][730][731] 723

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Osmotic adjustment in Fraxinus excelsior L . : malate and mannitol accumulation in leaves under drought conditions

Cited by 50 publications

References 19 publications

Changes in gas exchange versus leaf solutes as a means to cope with summer drought in Eucalyptus marginata

Changes in gas exchange versus leaf solutes as a means to cope with summer drought in Eucalyptus marginata

Leaf water status and stem xylem flux in relation to soil drought in five temperate broad-leaved tree species with contrasting water use strategies

Comparative studies of the water relations and the hydraulic characteristics in Fraxinus excelsior, Acer pseudoplatanus and A. opalus trees under soil water contrasted conditions

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