Phytochemical Composition and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from the Lamiaceae Family against Streptococcus agalactiae and Candida albicans Biofilms

Abstract

The antimicrobial activity of different essential oils (EOs) from the Lamiaceae family was evaluated on Streptococcus agalactiae, Candida albicans, and lactobacilli. S. agalactiae is the main cause of severe neonatal infections, such as sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia. C. albicans is a primary causative agent of vulvovaginal candidiasis, a multifactorial infectious disease of the lower female reproductive tract. Lactobacilli represent the dominant bacterial species of the vaginal flora and constitute the natural defense against pathogens. On the basis of the preliminary results, the attention was focused on the EOs from Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel. and Mentha arvensis L. By using gas ghromatography (GS) retention data and mass spectra, it was possible to identify more than 90% of the total composition of the EO samples. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and anti-biofilm activity of the two EOs were determined against all isolated strains, using the EOs by themselves or in combination with each other and with drugs (erythromycin and fluconazole). The results showed a good antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of both EOs and a synergistic effect, leading to the best results against all the strains, resulted using the combinations EOs/EOs and antimicrobials/EOs.

Antimicrobial Potential and Phytochemical Profile of Wild and Cultivated Populations of Thyme (Thymus sp.) Growing in Western Romania

“…Galovičová et al (2021) highlighted that the highest inhibitory concentrations of T. serpyllum were identified against S. aureus and C. tropicalis, and the lowest inhibitory concentrations were found against S. enteritidis and P. aeruginosa [52]. Earlier studies have demonstrated the antifungal potential of thymol against Candida species, because this interferes with the formation and viability of mycelium hyphae [25,49].…”

“…Among said phenolic compounds, the predominant ones are thymol and carvacrol [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. The EOs have antioxidant [ 21 , 22 ], antimicrobial [ 23 ] and antifungal properties [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Chemical Compositions of Essential Oil from Aerial Parts of Cyclospermum leptophyllum and Its Application as Antibacterial Activity against Some Food Spoilage Bacteria

“…is proposed action mechanism of CSEO is supported by some literature reviews [34]. Some previous reports displayed that Gram-negative bacterial strains are more resistant to EO than Gram-positive bacteria because the former species have an outer membrane surrounding the cell wall, preventing diffusion of hydrophobic chemical components through their lipopolysaccharide layer [35,50,53]. e components in the EOs were reported for alteration of structure, functionality, blockage of energy metabolism system, disruption of whole-cell protein, and DNA of the bacterial strains.…”

Óleos essenciais de espécies Lamiaceae com potencial atividade Anti-fúngica: uma revisão

“…Além disso, os óleos essenciais obtidos das espécies de Lamiaceae são largamente utilizados como terapias alternativas devido os seus efeitos antimicrobianos. A ampla gama de propriedades medicinais dos óleos essenciais torna-os fortes candidatos para as indústrias farmacêuticas na busca de compostos antimicrobianos ativos (Iseppi et al, 2020).…”