Quality Characteristics and Anti-Diabetic Effect of Yacon Vinegar

Abstract

This study was performed to investigate the physiochemical properties and anti-diabetic effect of yacon vinegar by two-step fermentation. Yacon was matured at room temperature for 20 days. The sugar content of yacon juice prepared from mature yacon was approximately 14°Brix. In the first stage, yacon wine was produced from the juice at 28 o C for 6 days. In the second stage, acetic acid fermentation was conducted at 30 o C and 200 rpm for 6 days to produce yacon vinegar with 4.75% acidity. The major free sugars of yacon vinegar were glucose and fructose at 2,072.12 mg% and 463.95 mg%, respectively. The acetic acid content was the highest of the major organic acids at 3,881.44 mg%. The total free amino acid content was 62.88 mg% with the main free amino acids being proline, γ-amino-n-butyric acid and ornithine. The major minerals of yacon vinegar were Ca, K and Mg. The in vivo anti-diabetic activity of yacon vinegar was investigated in high-fat diet (HFD)/ streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Diabetic mice were administered orally with 10% yacon juice and two yacon vinegars (5% and 10%) at a dose of 7 mL/kg body weight once per day for 4 weeks. Five% yacon vinegar improved the fasting blood glucose levels and glucose tolerance test significantly compared to the diabetic control group (p<0.05). Yacon vinegar increased the pancreatic C-peptide concentration in a dose-dependent manner. These results show that 5% yacon vinegar has a more potent effect on ameliorating hyperglycemia than 10% yacon juice.

Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidative Activity of Fermented Green Tea Produced via One- and Two-Step Fermentation

“…Another previous study [ 52 ] also elucidated the role of GABA in elevating antioxidative activity by scavenging reactive oxygen species. It is also worth mentioning that acetic acid has various functionalities, such as antimicrobial [ 17 ], anti-hyperglycemic [ 19 ], antidiabetic [ 20 ], anti-hypertensive [ 21 ], hypocholesterolemic [ 22 ], anti-obesity [ 23 ], and anti-carcinogenic [ 24 ] effects, while lactic acid is known to confer an anti-inflammatory effect [ 73 ]. GABA also has health-promoting activities, including antidiabetic [ 74 ], anti-depressive [ 75 ], anti-inflammatory [ 76 ], and sleep-inductive activities [ 77 ].…”

“…AAB can efficiently convert ethanol to acetic acid, which is why they are of importance in the vinegar industry [ 15 , 16 ]. Acetic acid has been extensively reported to have antimicrobial [ 17 ], antioxidative [ 18 ], anti-hyperglycemic [ 19 ], antidiabetic [ 20 ], anti-hypertensive [ 21 ], hypocholesterolemic [ 22 ], anti-obesity [ 23 ], and anti-carcinogenic [ 24 ] effects. Therefore, organic vinegars produced through acetic acid fermentation of various fermentation materials have been developed and consumed worldwide [ 25 ].…”

Antihyperglycemic and diabetic wound healing activity of smallanthus sonchifolius leaves extract

“…Therefore, this molecule can be used to determine the function of pancreatic β cells. Increased concentrations of C-peptide by insulin-leaf administration correlated to the increasing of secretion insulin by pancreatic β cells [13].…”

Mulberry vinegar attenuates lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma‐induced inflammatory responses in C6 glial cells

“…Vinegar is a fermented food that contains various sugars, amino acids, esters, and organic acids. It serves as a health supplement that has many functions, such as appetite promotion and fatigue recovery (Lee et al, 2012). Vinegar has traditionally been used as a food flavoring and preservative, and many studies have described the beneficial role of vinegar in cancer, vascular disorders, and neurodegeneration (Gu et al, 2012; Kondo et al, 2001).…”