“…The current methods for the analysis of DES are gas chromatography (GC) [9,10], liquid chromatography (LC) with mass spectrometry (MS) [11,12], enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) [13], electrochemiluminescence [14], time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay [15]. However, seldom have electrochemical techniques, which are often simple and less expensive, been used to determine DES [16,17].…”