Silver Nanofilament Formation Dynamics in a Polymer‐Ionic Liquid Thin Film by Direct Write

Abstract

Silver nanofilament formation dynamics are reported for an ionic liquid (IL)-filled solid polymer electrolyte prepared by a direct-write process using a conductive atomic force microscope (C-AFM). Filaments are electrochemically formed at hundreds of xy locations on a ≈40 nm thick polymer electrolyte, polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA)/[BMIM]PF 6 . Although the formation time generally decreases with increasing bias from 0.7 to 3.0 V, an unexpected non-monotonic maximum is observed ≈2.0 V. At voltages approaching this region of inverted kinetics, IL electric double layers (EDLs) become detectable; thus, the increased nanofilament formation time can be attributed to electric field screening, which hinders silver electromigration and deposition. Scanning electron microscopy confirms that nanofilaments formed in this inverted region have significantly more lateral and diffuse features. Timedependent formation currents reveal two types of nanofilament growth dynamics: abrupt, where the resistance decreases sharply over as little as a few ms, and gradual where it decreases more slowly over hundreds of ms. Whether the resistance change is abrupt or gradual depends on the extent to which the EDL screens the electric field. Tuning the formation time and growth dynamics using an IL opens the range of accessible resistance states, which is useful for neuromorphic applications.

Near-Infrared Light-Controllable Multifunction Mesoporous Polydopamine Nanocomposites for Promoting Infected Wound Healing

“…Additionally, PPMD@Cu/TC exhibited both concentration-dependent and laser-intensity-dependent photothermal conversion (Figure S1A,B). According to a previously established equation, the photothermal conversion efficiency of PPMD@Cu/TC was 32.1%, which is consistent with a previous study . Meanwhile, real-time photothermal images of PPMD@Cu/TC displayed a visible photothermal effect (Figure S1C).…”

“…According to a previously established equation, the photothermal conversion efficiency of PPMD@Cu/TC was 32.1%, which is consistent with a previous study. 52 Meanwhile, real-time photothermal images of PPMD@Cu/TC displayed a visible photothermal effect (Figure S1C).…”

Toward Real‐Time Blood Pressure Monitoring via High‐Fidelity Iontronic Tonometric Sensors with High Sensitivity and Large Dynamic Ranges

“…Iontronics is an emerging interdisciplinary field that studies the electronic properties controlled by the ionic motion at the ionic conductor/electronic conductor interface. [47,48] An intriguing characteristic in iontronics is the EDL at interface and it has many applications in electrolyte-gated transistors, [49][50][51] thermoelectric devices, [52] memory devices, [53,54] artificial synapses, [55][56][57][58] sensors, [37][38][39] and light-emitting diodes. [59,60] The EDL, where an accumulation of space charges is prompted by ionic motion at the interface under external applied electric field, is also known as a Helmholtz layer with a thickness of ≈1 nm determined by the shortest distance of the nearest ionic molecules in the ionic electrolyte.…”

Impact of Large Gate Voltages and Ultrathin Polymer Electrolytes on Carrier Density in Electric-Double-Layer-Gated Two-Dimensional Crystal Transistors

“…The mechanisms that govern iontronics can be broadly divided into two categories: electrochemical and electrostatic. Devices that rely on electrochemistry involve redox reactions at the electrolyte/channel interface, or inside the semiconductor, to modulate the carrier density in the channel materials. , These include organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), , conductive-bridge memory (CBRAM), , electrochemical random access memory (ECRAM), and ion intercalation devices. − In contrast, iontronic devices rely on electrostatic interactions to modulate the carrier density by forming an EDL at the electrode/electrolyte and electrolyte/channel interfaces with no transfer of electrons (i.e., no electrochemistry). Included in this category are electric-double-layer transistors (EDLTs), which are FETs in which the gate oxide is replaced by an electrically insulating but ionically conductive electrolyte.…”

“…Devices that rely on electrochemistry involve redox reactions at the electrolyte/ channel interface, or inside the semiconductor, to modulate the carrier density in the channel materials. 4,5 These include organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), 6,7 conductivebridge memory (CBRAM), 8,9 electrochemical random access memory (ECRAM), 10 and ion intercalation devices. 11−13 In contrast, iontronic devices rely on electrostatic interactions to modulate the carrier density by forming an EDL at the electrode/electrolyte and electrolyte/channel interfaces with no transfer of electrons (i.e., no electrochemistry).…”