Simple and Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor-Based Three-Dimensional Porous Ni-Hemoglobin Composite Electrode

Abstract

The development of sensing systems that can detect ultra-trace amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) remains a key challenge in biological and biomedical fields. In the present study, we introduce a simple and highly sensitive enzymeless H2O2 biosensor based on a three-dimensional open pore nickel (Ni) foam electrode functionalized with hemoglobin (Hb). Our findings revealed that the Hb maintained its biological functions and effective electronic connection even after immobilization process. The exceptional physical and intrinsic catalytic properties of the Ni foam combined with the bio-functionality and electron transport facility of the Hb robustly construct a H2O2 biosensor. The enzymeless H2O2 biosensor showed high selectivity, a quick response time, high sensitivity, a wide linear range and a low limit of detection (0.83 μM at a signal-to-noise ratio of three). Such an electrode composition with safe immobilization processes offers viability for engineering new biosensors.

Free‐Standing 3D Electrodes for Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide

“…At pH = 7.4, the Au/Si array demonstrated the best activity and a wide temperature range from 15 to 70°C. Further, facet-dependent electrochemical activity was confirmed by Chen et al, and the detection performance of Au/Si (111) heterojunction is superior to Au/Si (100). [143] Thus, well-controlled facets can be beneficial for electrocatalyst design, as a supplement to facilitating electron transport.…”

“…During the detection, as produced NiOOH act as the major electro‐catalytic species at low H 2 O 2 concentrations; while as produced Ni(OH) 2 intermediate undergoes electrochemical oxidation to produce O 2 and H 2 O at higher concentration. Similarly, the catalytic and electron transport biological functionality of the hemoglobin/Ni foam electrode enhance the electrochemical reactivity and contribute to a limit of detection of 0.41 μM …”

“…[ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 Similarly, the catalytic and electron transport biological functionality of the hemoglobin/Ni foam electrode enhance the electrochemical reactivity and contribute to a limit of detection of 0.41 μM. [111] On the other hand, metals like Ag and Au are active catalysts for H 2 O 2 reduction, which are good for self-supporting electrodes. Compared with common metal meshes and foams, nanoporous metals exhibit even larger specific surface area with many crystalline step edges, together with lots of peculiar physical, chemical and mechanical properties.…”

Enhanced electron transfer mediated detection of hydrogen peroxide using a silver nanoparticle–reduced graphene oxide–polyaniline fabricated electrochemical sensor

“… 4 So, far several analytical techniques such as such as spectrophotometry. 5 Fluorimetry, 6 electrochemical 7 and chemiluminescence 8 have been employed for the determination of H 2 O 2 . Among these, the electrochemical method offers a rapid and simple approach for the sensitive detection of H 2 O 2 .…”

Investigation of Hemoglobin/Gold Nanoparticle Heterolayer on Micro-Gap for Electrochemical Biosensor Application

“…Several groups have studied the hemoglobin-based biosensor on a conventional electrode surface [ 12 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ], while others introduced nanoparticles [ 21 ], graphene [ 22 ] and other heavy metal materials [ 23 ] on an electrode to facilitate the electron transfer between H 2 O 2 and hemoglobin. However, such heavy metal-based nanomaterials are toxic and possess low biocompatibility.…”