Spectators’ aerothermal comfort assessment method in stadia

Szucs, Agota; Moreau, S.; Allard, Francis

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.03.009

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…On the other hand, there were fewer case studies focusing on cold areas or the winter season [11]. One of the methods commonly used to assess thermal comfort in winter is the wind chill, and the wind chill is applied in the field of pedestrian thermal comfort [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Pedestrian Comfort with Wind Chill during Winter

Kim¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

2018

Sustainability

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Two types of methods are used to evaluate pedestrian comfort: pedestrian wind comfort and outdoor thermal comfort. To accurately ascertain the outdoor wind environment, wind speed is the only parameter considered. However, pedestrians may still feel discomfort when the perceived temperature is low, even though the wind comfort criterion has been satisfactorily fulfilled. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to investigate pedestrian comfort when the perceived temperature is low, especially in winter conditions. To achieve this, a pedestrian survey was conducted, and 588 respondents completed a questionnaire. The results show that pedestrians feel discomfort when the WCET (Wind Chill Equivalent Temperature) is low, with almost 40 percent of respondents answering that they feel discomfort in these conditions. In conclusion, the threshold wind speed of the winter season could be determined to be lower than that of the existing comfort criteria by applying the WCET.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Pedestrian Comfort with Wind Chill during Winter

Kim¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

2018

Sustainability

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“…Favourable micro-environmental conditions in semioutdoor stadium structures, initially reported by [30], indicated that aerothermal comfort conditions may be achieved with wind threshold speed values between 0.1 m/s, to ensure minimum air movement, and 3.6 m/s, to prevent wind disturbance and performance impairment. On the basis of these considerations, the output parameters were set as the flow homogeneity values on the spectator tiers and the playing field area, the ventilation flow rate through the roof opening, and the overall pressure in the stadium bowl.…”

Section: Selection Of Output Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to literature, stadium structures have been extensively studied in order to determine optimum geometrical configurations to provide comfort conditions for both players and spectators [4,5,30]. The roof dimensional characteristics seem to be the major contributors on the attainment of micro-environmental satisfaction.…”

Section: Selection Of Input Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD optimisation of a stadium roof geometry: a qualitative study to improve the wind microenvironment

2017

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Abstract. The complexity of the built environment requires the adoption of coupled techniques to predict the flow phenomena and provide optimum design solutions. In this study, coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and response surface methodology (RSM) optimisation tools are employed to investigate the parameters that determine the wind comfort in a two-dimensional stadium model, by optimising the roof geometry. The roof height, width and length are evaluated against the flow homogeneity at the spectator terraces and the playing field area, the roof flow rate and the average interior pressure. Based on non-parametric regression analysis, both symmetric and asymmetric configurations are considered for optimisation. The optimum design solutions revealed that it is achievable to provide an improved wind environment in both playing field area and spectator terraces, giving a further insight on the interrelations of the parameters involved. Considering the limitations of conducting a twodimensional study, the obtained results may beneficially be used as a basis for the optimisation of a complex threedimensional stadium structure and thus become an important design guide for stadium structures.

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“…Based on experimental wind tunnel tests, such a central opening is preferable in cooler climates, since it acts as a protector, attenuating the intense airflow beyond the playing field [27]. However, when combined with a peripheral continuous opening between the roof and the upper spectator terrace, leads to increase of local ventilation rates for the benefit of users in warm climates [26]. A football arena that takes advantage of the aforementioned oculus design features is the Stade de France.…”

Section: Aero-thermal Comfort Master Plansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chart is representative of the comfort thresholds set for spectators in open stadia and it incorporates four dominant climatic parameters; the air temperature, air speed, humidity and solar radiation (see Ref. [25], [26] for further details). When stadium configuration and outdoor environmental conditions do not allow the natural air distribution (within the temperature thresholds) to be implemented, moderate microclimate conditions should be produced, by passive or active cooling techniques [22].…”

Section: Technical Requirements For Stadiumsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qatar 2022: Facing the FIFA World Cup climatic and legacy challenges

Sofotasiou

Hughes

Calautit

2015

Sustainable Cities and Society

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The 2022 World Cup creates great opportunities for the country of Qatar, but also poses significant challenges. In this study the main challenge of maintaining thermal comfort conditions within the football arenas is presented, with respect to the heat stress index (HSI) and the aero-thermal comfort thresholds established for opened stadiums. Potential cooling strategies for delivering tolerant comfort levels are introduced, followed by their functional strengths and limitations for the hot-humid climate of Qatar. An estimation of the cooling load for semi-outdoor stadiums in Qatar is also presented. The results, produced by dynamic thermal modelling, indicated that a load of 115 MW h per game should be at least consumed in order to provide both indoor and outdoor thermal comfort conditions. Finally, the use of solar energy technologies for the generation of electricity and cooling are evaluated, based on their viability beyond the 2022 World Cup event, towards the nation's targets for sustainability and lasting legacy. Highlights:• Provision of aero-thermal comfort conditions within the sport facilities.• Higher efficiency of solar sorption systems in hot-humid climates.• An estimated cooling load of about 115 MW h per game is required.• Balancing techniques to meet carbon neutrality commitment.• Forthcoming local and national community benefits.

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Spectators’ aerothermal comfort assessment method in stadia

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

Investigation of Pedestrian Comfort with Wind Chill during Winter

Investigation of Pedestrian Comfort with Wind Chill during Winter

CFD optimisation of a stadium roof geometry: a qualitative study to improve the wind microenvironment

Qatar 2022: Facing the FIFA World Cup climatic and legacy challenges

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