Study of Combination of Nanoherbal Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) and Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) Effects in the Expression of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Heat Shock Protein-70 (HSP70) and Placental Histology of Preeclamptic Rats

Abstract

Background: Pre-eclampsia (PE) contributes to the second cause of maternal death in Indonesia. Andaliman is a typical spice of the Batak ethnic in Northern Sumatera Province, Indonesia. This study aimed to explore the potential of novel herbal medicine compound of nanoherbal andaliman and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) as PE treatment. Methods: Nanoherbal andaliman was generated using High-energy Milling (HEM). The treatments were divided into the following five groups: K- (control): pregnant rats; K+: PE model rats; P1: PE model rats + 0.45 g of EVOO/200 g BW on the 13th–19th day of pregnancy; P2: PE model rats + nanoherbal andaliman 100 mg/200 g BW on the 13th– 19th day of pregnancy; and P3: PE model rats + combination of 0.45 EVOO/200 g BW and nanoherbal andaliman 100 mg/200 g BW on the 13th–19th day of pregnancy. Rats were dissected on the 20th day of pregnancy. The observed parameters were blood pressure, proteinuria, malondialdehyde (MDA), Heat Shock Protein-70 HSP-70 and histology of placenta. Results: A significant difference was noticed (p<0.05) in blood pressure, proteinuria, foetal weight, haematocrit, erythrocytes and trophoblastic cells after the administration of combined nanoherbal andaliman and EVOO. No significant differences in placental weight, foetal number, leukocytes, MDA and HSP-70 were found (p>0.05). Conclusion: The combination of nanoherbal andaliman and EVOO decreased systolic blood pressure and induced the expression of MDA and HSP-70, as well as placental histology of pre-eclamptic rats.

Effect of Nanoherbal Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) and Extra Virgin Olive Oil Combination on Preeclamptic Rats Liver Histology

“…Pregnant rats are made into preeclampsia model by injecting 3 ml of 6% NaCl/day/200 gBW at 6 to 12 days gestation subcutaneously. Preeclampsia rats were evaluated by blood pressure more than 125/80 mmHg, MDA levels and proteunaria values more than 3 g/L [14]. This study consisted of 5 groups: K - (negative control): Normal pregnant rats; K + (positive control): Preeclampsia (PE) pregnant rats, P1: PE rats given 1 ml EVOO/day/200 gBW in pregnancies 13 to 19 pregnancy day orally, P2: PE rats were given nanoherbal andaliman 100 mg/day/200 gBW at 13 to 19 days gestation orally, P3: PE rats were given a combination of 1 ml EVOO/day/200 gBW and nanoherbal andaliman 100 mg/days/200 gBW at 13 to 19 days of gestation orally.…”

Analysis of Several Inflammatory Markers Expression in Obese Rats given Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng Ethanol Extract

“…The drying process is carried out based on drying andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium), so that the phytochemical content and bioactive compounds in the plant are not lost due to heat. [15][16][17][18] The simplicia powder formed was placed in a macerator with 10.000 mL of 70% ethanol for 6 hours. The mixture was stirred occasionally for up to 18 hours.…”

Histological changes in placental rat apoptosis via FasL and cytochrome c by the nano-herbal Zanthoxylum acanthopodium

“…The strong antioxidant activity can be used as a drug for preeclampsia (PE) because antioxidant factors participate in the etiology of PE. In Indonesia, PE is the second hazardous pregnancy disease after bleeding ( Situmorang et al, 2019a ). The levels of antioxidants of ZA such as essential oil, coenzyme 10, certain vitamins, and lycopene are reduced during preeclamptic pregnancy ( Haram et al, 2019 ).…”

“…The levels of antioxidants of ZA such as essential oil, coenzyme 10, certain vitamins, and lycopene are reduced during preeclamptic pregnancy ( Haram et al, 2019 ). Excessive increase in the oxidative agents of ischemia–reperfusion in the placenta can affect the normal antioxidant activity, thereby causing PE pathogenesis ( Situmorang et al, 2019a ). ZA combined with Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) can reduce systolic blood pressure and change MDA and HSP-70 in preeclamptic rats ( Situmorang et al, 2019a , Situmorang et al, 2019b ).…”

“…Excessive increase in the oxidative agents of ischemia–reperfusion in the placenta can affect the normal antioxidant activity, thereby causing PE pathogenesis ( Situmorang et al, 2019a ). ZA combined with Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) can reduce systolic blood pressure and change MDA and HSP-70 in preeclamptic rats ( Situmorang et al, 2019a , Situmorang et al, 2019b ). Moreover, ZA affects the placental and renal histology of pre-eclamptic rats ( Situmorang et al, 2019a , Situmorang et al, 2019b ).…”