“…Teacher instruction in learning activities will improve students' conceptual understanding (Vicrey, et.al, 2015;McDonnell & Mullally, 2016;Knight & Brame, 2018). Instructions given to students can have a positive impact on students' thinking, or improve students' reasoning abilities and focus (Roshandel, et.al, 2017;Krajenbrink, 2018;Kok, et, al., 2021). Learning and instruction consider students' needs and goals (Papamitsiou & Economides, 2014;Spector, 2015;Shemshack, Spector, 2020).…”