The effects of energy intake and dietary protein on nitrogen retention, growth performance, body composition and some aspects of energy metabolism of baby pigs

Campbell, R. G.; Dunkin, A. C.

doi:10.1079/bjn19830029

Cited by 69 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This value is lower than the 468 and 451 kJ/kg BW 0.75 reported by Jentsch et al (1995) for suckling and early-weaned piglets fed on cow's milk. It is also lower than the value of 445 kJ/kg BW 0.75 published by Campbell and Dunkin (1983) for earlyweaned piglets given a protein-adequate diet based on skimmed milk powder. In growing IB pigs fed on an adequate supply of ideal protein, we obtained an estimate of 422 kJ/kg BW 0.75 /day for ME m and an identical value for k g (0.582; Nieto et al, 2002).…”

Section: My and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 43%

Production and composition of Iberian sow's milk and use of milk nutrients by the suckling Iberian piglet

Aguinaga

Gómez-Carballar²,

Nieto

et al. 2011

Animal

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Sixteen purebred Iberian (IB) sows were used in two consecutive trials to determine the efficiency of conversion of sow's milk into piglet body weight (BW) gain and the relationship between milk protein and body protein retention and between milk energy yield and body energy retention in the nursing IB piglet. In each trial, four sows were selected in order to evaluate their milk production, litter growth and nutrient balance measurements, together with four additional sows for milk sampling. Litter size was equalized to six piglets. Daily milk yield (MY) was determined weekly by the weigh-suckle-weigh technique over a 34-day lactation period. Piglets were weighed individually at birth and then weekly from day 5 of lactation. Milk samples were collected on days 5, 12, 19, 26 and 34 post partum. The comparative slaughter procedure was used to determine piglet nutrient and energy retention. One piglet from each litter was slaughtered at birth and four on the morning of day 35. Total MY was on average 5.175 6 0.157 kg/day. The average chemical composition (g/kg) of the milk was 179 6 4 dry matter, 53.4 6 1.0 CP, 58.5 6 3.8 fat, 10.4 6 0.3 ash and 56.9 6 2.3 lactose. Milk gross energy (GE) was 4.626 6 0.145 MJ/kg. Milk intake per piglet tended to increase in trial 2 (832 v. 893 g/day; P 5 0.066). Piglet BW gain contained (g/kg) 172.1 6 1.3 protein, 151.5 6 3.5 fat, 41.4 6 0.6 ash and 635 6 3 water and 10.127 6 0.126 MJ GE/kg. Throughout the 34-day nursing period, the piglets grew at an average rate of 168 6 3 g/day. The ratio of daily piglet BW gain to daily MY was 0.195 6 0.002 g/g and the gain per MJ milk GE intake was 41.9 6 0.5 g/MJ. The overall efficiency of protein accretion (g CP gain/g CP milk intake) was low and declined in trial 2 (0.619 v. 0.571; P 5 0.016). Nutrient and energy deposition between birth and weaning were 27.4 6 0.5 g/day protein, 24.2 6 0.8 g/day fat and 1615 6 40 kJ/day energy. Piglet energy requirements for maintenance were 404 kJ metabolizable energy (ME)/kg BW 0.75 . ME was used for growth with a net efficiency of 0.584. These results suggest that poor efficiency in the use of sow's milk nutrients rather than a shortage in milk nutrient supply might explain the low growth rate of the suckling IB piglet.Keywords: milk production, milk composition, Iberian piglets, protein and energy deposition, nutrient balance ImplicationsThis study suggests that growth rate in the suckling Iberian (IB) piglet is not limited by a shortage in milk nutrient supply but might rather be related to a very low efficiency in the use of milk protein and energy. In the young IB piglet, protein deposition is a costly process, presumably because of a high protein turnover rate, as found in later growth stages. The sharp decrease in milk conversion ratios detected during the last week of the study implies that a lactation period of more than 4 weeks is not to be recommended.

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Section: My and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 43%

Production and composition of Iberian sow's milk and use of milk nutrients by the suckling Iberian piglet

Aguinaga

Gómez-Carballar²,

Nieto

et al. 2011

Animal

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“…The estimates of DE requirements for maintenance of pigs as reported in the literature across the world vary from 402 to 699 kJ/kg M 0.75 with most of the values falling between 435 to 544 kJ/kg M 0.75 (Whittemore, 1976;Bohme et al, 1980;Wenk et al, 1980;Agricultural Research Council, 1981;Noblet and Le Dividich, 1982;Campbell and Dunkin, 1983;Close and Stanier, 1984;McNutt and Ewan, 1984;Gadeken et al, 1985;Noblet et al, 1985). Hence, estimates of maintenance requirements obtained in the present study were in general agreement with previous reports.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of nutrient requirements for growth and maintenance of growing pigs under tropical condition

Paul

Mandal

Chatterjee

et al. 2007

Animal

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Data from 27 feeding trials conducted on growing pigs from different research institutes across India were subjected to mixed model regression analysis to derive requirements of digestible energy (DE), crude protein (CP) and essential amino acids for maintenance and body weight gains. The ranges of maintenance requirements were determined to be: DE 516 to 702 kJ/kg M 0.75 , CP 6.98 to 11.62, lysine 0.431 to 0.664, methionine 0.265 to 0.458, methionine þ cystine 0.327 to 0.466, cystine 0.055 to 0.184, threonine 0.205 to 0.511, arginine 0.377 to 1.21, isoleucine 0.241 to 0.775, leucine 0.604 to 1.54, phenylalanine þ tyrosine 0.496 to 1.33, tryptophan 0.078 to 0.213, and valine 0.330 to 0.892 g/kg M 0.75 , respectively for different body weight ranges. The corresponding requirements for 1 g gain in body weight were: DE 28.6 to 38.6 kJ, CP 0.27 to 0.44 g, lysine 0.0071 to 0.0126 g, methionine 0.0047 to 0.0133 g, methionine þ cystine 0.0151 to 0.0261 g, cystine 0.0043 to 0.0094 g, threonine 0.0052 to 0.0165 g, arginine 0.0045 to 0.0301 g, isoleucine 0.0023 to 0.0198 g, leucine 0.0150 to 0.0447 g, phenylalanine þ tyrosine 0.0091 to 0.0382 g, tryptophan 0.0005 to 0.0044 g, and valine 0.0061 to 0.0222 g. Regression equations had high R 2 values (ranging from 0.50 to 0.99 for different estimates), low coefficients of variation, low variance of error estimates and the coefficients were highly significant (P , 0.001). Regressed values were used to develop feeding standards. As the new standards derived in the present study are based on a thorough analysis of a larger database than previous Indian standards, the new feeding standard seems to be more appropriate for India and other tropical countries.

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“…The only available results on metabolic rate or nutrient balance of piglets have been limited to the first days of life (Mount, 1968 ;Gentz et al, 1970) and, in most cases, were obtained on piglets given milk replacers (Campbell and Dunkin, 1983).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Body composition, metabolic rate and utilization of milk nutrients in suckling piglets

Noblet¹,

Etienne²,

BLANCHARD³

et al. 1987

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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The effects of energy intake and dietary protein on nitrogen retention, growth performance, body composition and some aspects of energy metabolism of baby pigs

Cited by 69 publications

References 13 publications

Production and composition of Iberian sow's milk and use of milk nutrients by the suckling Iberian piglet

Production and composition of Iberian sow's milk and use of milk nutrients by the suckling Iberian piglet

Determination of nutrient requirements for growth and maintenance of growing pigs under tropical condition

Body composition, metabolic rate and utilization of milk nutrients in suckling piglets

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