The lurking threat of monkeypox in current times

Kumbhar, Nitin; Agarwala, Pragya

doi:10.1016/j.ijmmb.2022.07.016

Cited by 11 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The lethality of monkeypox patients after infection depend on the clade of virus infected, route of infection, patient age, and patients infected with the CA clade of the virus is generally higher than the WA clade. 6,70,141,275 Previous reports 80,83,97,[276][277][278] indicated that the case fatality rates (CFR) of monkeypox ranging from 1 to 11%. What's more, in a systematic review that exclusively evaluated the case fatality rates (CFR) by clades, the overall rate of case fatalities was confirmed to be 8.7%, MV can also wrap an additional envelope and attached to the cell membrane, then then release through exocytosis.…”

Section: Clinical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention

Huang

Wang

2022

Sig Transduct Target Ther

165

120

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Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease that was once endemic in west and central Africa caused by monkeypox virus. However, cases recently have been confirmed in many nonendemic countries outside of Africa. WHO declared the ongoing monkeypox outbreak to be a public health emergency of international concern on July 23, 2022, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The rapidly increasing number of confirmed cases could pose a threat to the international community. Here, we review the epidemiology of monkeypox, monkeypox virus reservoirs, novel transmission patterns, mutations and mechanisms of viral infection, clinical characteristics, laboratory diagnosis and treatment measures. In addition, strategies for the prevention, such as vaccination of smallpox vaccine, is also included. Current epidemiological data indicate that high frequency of human-to-human transmission could lead to further outbreaks, especially among men who have sex with men. The development of antiviral drugs and vaccines against monkeypox virus is urgently needed, despite some therapeutic effects of currently used drugs in the clinic. We provide useful information to improve the understanding of monkeypox virus and give guidance for the government and relative agency to prevent and control the further spread of monkeypox virus.

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Section: Clinical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention

Huang

Wang

2022

Sig Transduct Target Ther

165

120

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“…MPX, a zoonotic disease with animal spillover events is a moderate risk to human health and is currently a global public health threat creating high alert (Banerjee et al 2022;Kumbhar and Agarwala 2022;Raheel et al 2022). Since its discovery more than six decades ago (1958), MPX had received little attention because it was assumed to be a rare and self-limiting disorder, however, the recent re-emergence with posing global health concerns has speeded up the research on this virus (Meo and Jawaid 2022;Mohapatra et al 2022).…”

Section: Public Health Threatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox: An Update on Current Knowledge and Research Advances

Chandran¹,

Dhama

Aslam

et al. 2022

J Exp Bio & Ag Sci

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The resurgence of the disease in humans that is very similar to smallpox called monkeypox (MPX) disease, caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), is the dominant topic of discussion in the scientific and popular press around the world right now. This is taking place as the world celebrates the historic accomplishments made in the fight against the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic MPX is currently thought to pose a risk to the general public's health, particularly in areas with high rates of MPXV infection and close human-wild animal contact. Despite the rarity of MPX outbreaks, they are often caused by human-to-human transmission, especially in households and healthcare settings. Recent decades have seen recurrent outbreaks of the MPX after the smallpox disease was declared eliminated and the consequent cessation of smallpox vaccination programs. MPX has presently spread to several countries throughout the world and posed a global public health emergency, with nearly 45000 confirmed cases in 96 countries and locations, and 12 deaths as of August 24, 2022. Even though this viral illness is thought to be self-limiting, its consequences and feasible pandemic potential seriously jeopardize public health. The main approach to avoiding MPX is to adopt appropriate prevention and control measures, increase awareness of risk factors, and inform the public of the steps they may take to reduce viral exposure. Scientific studies are currently looking at the viability and suitability of the MPX vaccination. This article presents a general introduction to MPXV / MPX along with progress in diagnosis, treatment, vaccination, and prevention and control strategies for tackling this global health emergency.

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“…But more than 70% of people alive today have never received a smallpox vaccination [ 20 ]. Unchecked replication of the virus in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-positive, immunocompromised population, the lack of smallpox vaccination, the virus' wide host range, undetected circulation in wildlife across all geographical regions, the emergence of virus strains with better adaptations are some of the likely causes of a great extent of the disease [ 28 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox: Treatment, Vaccination, and Prevention

Shah¹,

Fulmali²

2023

Cureus

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In regions where the disease is endemic, Monkeypox (MPV) transmission related to healthcare has been seen on numerous occasions. This disease has episodes of occurrence in certain regions around the globe, such as in the Democratic Republic of Congo's (DRC) Tshuapa region. Here, the disease was found with a prevalence of 0.35 per 1000, as per data collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of the United States (US). Data also shows approximately 100 confirmed cases of MPV for every infection among Healthcare Workers (HCWs). These findings and scientific research on burns, superficial wounds, herpes, eczema vaccine, and other conditions indicate that MPV sufferers might get an advantage from medical care to lessen the effects of weakened skin and mucosa. This should involve guarding delicate anatomical areas like the eyes and genitalia, maintaining enough hydration and nourishment, and preventing and treating consequences like secondary bacterial diseases. In the DRC, this disease was first recognized in 1970. Since then, it has spread to numerous nations around the globe and gained substantial epidemiological significance. The most recent epidemic has taken place in 2022 worldwide. The viruses that cause MPV and cowpox are currently regarded as emerging. Because of the rise in international travel, the popularity of exotic pets, and the decline in smallpox vaccination rates, they pose a significant danger of spreading. Although it is believed that this viral illness will eventually go away on its own, the possibility of the pandemic raises several serious problems for the general public's health. In addition to providing a broad overview of the Monkeypox Virus (MPXV), this study will detail the epidemiology, clinical hallmarks, assessment, and treatment of MPV sufferers.

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The lurking threat of monkeypox in current times

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Monkeypox: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention

Monkeypox: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention

Monkeypox: An Update on Current Knowledge and Research Advances

Monkeypox: Treatment, Vaccination, and Prevention

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