The role of chemical processes in the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) signal in stratospheric ozone

Zhang, Jiankai; Zhang, Chongyang; Zhang, Kequan; Xu, Mian; Duan, Jiakang; Chipperfield, Martyn P.; Feng, Wuhu; Zhao, Siyi; Xie, Fei

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117906

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Our results show differences in the upwelling response between the two types of El Niño, not only in the strength but also in the timing. Changes in tropical upwelling also can lead to changes in NOx concentration, modifying the NOx ozone loss catalytic cycle, as proposed by Hood et al, (2010) and by Chipperfield et al, (1994) and Zhang et al, (2021) for QBO ozone variations. Indeed, we find a different timing in chemical anomalies in the tropical middle stratosphere (above 30 hPa), consistent with different timing in upwelling, between the two types of El Niño.…”

Section: Figure 3 October To March Composite Evolution Of Ozone Mixin...mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Another important source of variability in the stratosphere which could be affecting our results is the QBO (e.g. Naoe et al, (2017) , Zhang et al, (2021)). Indeed, Xie et al, (2020) showed linear interactions between the QBO and EP El Niño signals, and its interactions in the extratropics during El Niño events were evaluated in Calvo et al, (2009).…”

Section: Figure 3 October To March Composite Evolution Of Ozone Mixin...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Driving mechanisms for the ENSO impact on stratospheric ozone

Benito-Barca

Calvo²,

Ábalos³

2022

Preprint

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Abstract. While the impact of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the stratospheric circulation has been long recognized, its effects on stratospheric ozone have been less investigated. In particular, the impact on ozone of different ENSO flavors, Eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño and Central Pacific (CP) El Niño, as well as the driving mechanisms for the ozone variations have not been investigated to date. This study aims to explore these open questions by examining the anomalies in advective transport, mixing and chemistry associated with different El Niño flavors (EP and CP) and La Niña in the Northern Hemisphere in boreal winter. For this purpose, we use four 60-year ensemble members of the Whole Atmospheric Community Climate Model version 4. The results show a significant ENSO signal on total column ozone (TCO) during EP El Niño and La Niña events. During EP El Niño events, TCO is significantly reduced in the tropics and enhanced at middle and high latitudes in boreal winter. The opposite response has been found during La Niña. Interestingly, CP El Niño has no significant impact on extratropical TCO while its signal in the tropics is weaker than for EP El Niño events. The analysis of mechanisms reveals that advection through changes in tropical upwelling is the main driver for ozone variations in the lower tropical stratosphere, with a contribution of chemical processes above 30 hPa. At middle and high latitudes, stratospheric ozone variations related to ENSO result from combined changes in advection by residual circulation downwelling and changes in horizontal mixing linked to Rossby wave breaking and polar vortex anomalies. The impact of CP El Niño on the shallow branch of the residual circulation is small, and no significant impact is found on the deep branch.

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Section: Figure 3 October To March Composite Evolution Of Ozone Mixin...mentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Figure 3 October To March Composite Evolution Of Ozone Mixin...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Driving mechanisms for the ENSO impact on stratospheric ozone

Benito-Barca

Calvo²,

Ábalos³

2022

Preprint

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“…For example, Butchart et al (2003) found that ozone related diabactic feedbacks in their model cause a ∼10% lengthening of the QBO period and a stronger temperature signal in the lower stratosphere. However, there is uncertainty due to the precise role of chemical processes in the ozone QBO and this remains an area of active research (Zhang et al, 2021).…”

Section: Subtropicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The stratosphere: dynamics and variability

Butchart

2022

Preprint

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Abstract. Large-scale, intra-seasonal to inter-annual variability of the stratosphere is reviewed. Much of the variability is dynamical and induced by waves emanating from the troposphere. It is largely characterised by fluctuations in the strength of the polar vortex in winter and a quasi-biennial oscillation in the equatorial winds. Existing theories for the variability are generally formulated in terms of wave mean flow interactions, with refinements due, in part, to teleconnections between the tropics and extratropics. Climate and seasonal forecast models are able to reproduce much of the observed polar stratospheric variability and are increasingly successful in the tropics too. Compared to the troposphere the models display longer predictability timescales for variations within the stratosphere. Despite containing just under 20 % of the atmosphere's mass the stratosphere's variability exerts a powerful downward influence on the troposphere that can affect surface extremes. The stratosphere is therefore a useful source of additional skill for surface predictions. However, a complete dynamical explanation for the downward coupling is yet to be established.

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“…The influences of QBO, which are the dominant mode of interannual variability in the equatorial stratosphere (Baldwin et al, 2001), on ozone have been investigated by lots of studies (e.g. Randel and Wu, 1996;Lu et al, 2019;Xie et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2021). QBO appears as alternating easterly and westerly winds that propagate down from the top (∼ 50 km) to the bottom (∼ 16 km) of the stratosphere, with a period of about 28 months (Baldwin et al, 2001;Anstey and Shepherd, 2014;Coy et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With a longer record of ozone observations and more other data available, studies further investigated the combined influences of the QBO and other processes like the ENSO on the stratospheric ozone (Lee et al, 2010;Xie et al, 2014;Lu et al, 2019;Xie et al, 2020). The role of chemical processes in determining the ozone QBO is also studied (Zhang et al, 2021). So far, the impacts of the QBO on the TCO and stratospheric ozone have been relatively well documented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zonally asymmetric influences of the quasi-biennial oscillation on stratospheric ozone

et al. 2022

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Abstract. The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), as the dominant mode in the equatorial stratosphere, modulates the dynamical circulation and the distribution of trace gases in the stratosphere. While the zonal mean QBO signals in stratospheric ozone have been relatively well documented, the zonal (longitudinal) differences in the QBO ozone signals have been less studied. Using satellite-based total column ozone (TCO) data from 1979 to 2020, zonal mean ozone data from 1984 to 2020, three-dimensional (3-D) ozone data from 2002 to 2020, and ERA5 reanalysis and model simulations from 1979 to 2020, we demonstrate that the influences of the QBO (using a QBO index at 20 hPa) on stratospheric ozone are zonally asymmetric. The global distribution of stratospheric ozone varies significantly during different QBO phases. During QBO westerly (QBOW) phases, the TCO and stratospheric ozone are anomalously high in the tropics, while in the subtropics they are anomalously low over most of the areas, especially during the winter–spring of the respective hemisphere. This confirms the results from previous studies. In the polar region, the TCO and stratospheric ozone (50–10 hPa) anomalies are seasonally dependent and zonally asymmetric. During boreal winter (December–February, DJF), positive anomalies of the TCO and stratospheric ozone are evident during QBOW over the regions from North America to the North Atlantic (120∘ W–30∘ E), while significant negative anomalies exist over other longitudes in the Arctic. In boreal autumn (September–November, SON), the TCO and stratospheric ozone are anomalously high from Greenland to Eurasia (60∘ W–120∘ E) but anomalously low in other regions over the Arctic. Weak positive TCO and stratospheric ozone anomalies exist over the South America sector (90∘ W–30∘ E) of the Antarctic, while negative anomalies of the TCO and stratospheric ozone are seen in other longitudes. The consistent features of TCO and stratospheric ozone anomalies indicate that the QBO signals in TCO are mainly determined by the stratospheric ozone variations. Analysis of meteorological conditions indicates that the QBO ozone perturbations are mainly caused by dynamical transport and also influenced by chemical reactions associated with the corresponding temperature changes. QBO affects the geopotential height and the polar vortex and subsequently the transport of ozone-rich air from lower latitudes to the polar region, which therefore influences the ozone concentrations over the polar region. The geopotential height anomalies associated with QBO (QBOW–QBOE) are zonally asymmetric with clear wave number 1 features, which indicates that QBO influences the polar vortex and stratospheric ozone mainly by modifying the wave number 1 activities.

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The role of chemical processes in the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) signal in stratospheric ozone

Cited by 15 publications

References 74 publications

Driving mechanisms for the ENSO impact on stratospheric ozone

Driving mechanisms for the ENSO impact on stratospheric ozone

The stratosphere: dynamics and variability

Zonally asymmetric influences of the quasi-biennial oscillation on stratospheric ozone

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