The Role of Isostatic Pressing in Large-Scale Production of Solid-State Batteries

Abstract

Scalable processing of solid-state battery (SSB) components and their integration is a key bottleneck toward the practical deployment of these systems. In the case of a complex system like a SSB, it becomes increasingly vital to envision, develop, and streamline production systems that can handle different materials, form factors, and chemistries as well as processing conditions. Herein, we highlight isostatic pressing (ISP) as a versatile processing platform for large-scale production of the currently most promising solid electrolyte materials. We briefly summarize the development of ISP techniques as well as the processing methods and windows accessible. Subsequently, we discuss recent reports on SSBs that leverage ISP techniques and their impact on the electrochemical performance of the systems. Finally, we also provide a techno-economic analysis for implementing ISP at scale along with some key perspectives, challenges, and future directions for large-scale production of SSB components and integration.

Advances in Solid-State Batteries, a Virtual Issue, Part II

“…Thangadurai et al pointed out critical current densities as a crucial property for high-performance SSBs and summarized a unified understanding of the electrode-solid electrolyte interfaces in SSBs and the interface stability of electrolytes with Li metal anode. In addition, Belharouak et al emphasized the necessity of a reliable, adaptable, and versatile large-scale manufacturing approach and introduced isostatic pressing as a realistic processing platform for the large-scale production of solid electrolyte materials . They also discussed the techno-economic model and provided a reference point for processing costs associated with SSB cells.…”

“…Similarly, Huo and Janek 20 emphasized the necessity of a reliable, adaptable, and versatile large-scale manufacturing approach and introduced isostatic pressing as a realistic processing platform for the large-scale production of solid electrolyte materials. 29 They also discussed the techno-economic model and provided a reference point for processing costs associated with SSB cells. These perspectives remind us that there is no single panacea for the realization of commercial SSBs, and we should keep investigating various aspects of SSBs.…”

Tailoring of the Anti-Perovskite Solid Electrolytes at the Grain-Scale

“…We believe that this phase transformation, along with potential grain growth, leads to the improvement in density and conductivity observed in this report. While coupling heat and pressure might lead to improved densification for other materials, like garnets and thiophosphates, they are not necessarily coupled to a phase transformation and endothermic processes. , Ex situ tomography measurements on the conventional and the processed pellets show a stark difference in the microstructures (Figure b). The tomography was carried out at the 2-BM beamline of the Advanced Photon Source with a resolution of ∼1.5 μm.…”

“…It should also be noted that similar morphologies can be achieved through the warm isostatic pressing of the antiperovskite materials (Figure S5). Compared with the prototype pellets shown here, which have a small surface area ( d = 12.5 mm), isostatic pressing instruments can handle large form factors and can greatly improve the throughput for large-scale processing of these materials …”

“…Compared with the prototype pellets shown here, which have a small surface area (d = 12.5 mm), isostatic pressing instruments can handle large form factors and can greatly improve the throughput for large-scale processing of these materials. 39 To further evaluate the phase stability of the antiperovskite Li 2 OHCl, the thermal evolution reaction was investigated using in situ XRD during heating and cooling (Figures 4, S6, and S7). The process was carried out in an ambient atmosphere under a sealed Kapton film.…”