The Use of Selected Biomarkers, Phagocytic and Cholinesterase Activity to Detect the Effects of Dimethoate on Marine Mussel ( Mytilus edulis )

Yaqin, Khusnul; Lay, Bibiana Widiyati; Riani, Etty; Mas’ud, Zainal Alim; Hansen, Peter-Diedrich

doi:10.4308/hjb.15.1.32

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In this regard, azamethiphos and dimethoate decreased the phagocytic index in the marine mollusk Mytilus edulis L. [ 49 , 50 ]. Alongside this, in gastropods Planorbarius corneus L. and Biomphalaria glabrata Say, exposed to chlorpyrifos, the hemocyte count and lysozyme activity were not significantly altered; notwithstanding, functional parameters (phagocytosis and ROS production) were altered [ 39 ].…”

Section: Op-mediated Modulation Of the Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Organophosphate-Pesticide-Mediated Immune Response Modulation in Invertebrates and Vertebrates

Bernal-González

Covantes-Rosales

Camacho-Pérez

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Organophosphate pesticides (OPs) have greatly facilitated food production worldwide, and their use is not limited to agriculture and the control of pests and disease vectors. However, these substances can directly affect the immune response of non-target organisms. In this sense, exposure to OPs can have negative effects on innate and adaptive immunity, promoting deregulation in humoral and cellular processes such as phagocytosis, cytokine expression, antibody production, cell proliferation, and differentiation, which are crucial mechanisms for host defense against external agents. This review focuses on the scientific evidence of exposure to OPs and their toxic effects on the immune system of non-target organisms (invertebrates and vertebrates) from a descriptive perspective of the immuno-toxic mechanisms associated with susceptibility to the development of bacterial, viral, and fungal infectious diseases. During the exhaustive review, we found that there is an important gap in the study of non-target organisms, examples of which are echinoderms and chondrichthyans. It is therefore important to increase the number of studies on other species directly or indirectly affected by Ops, to assess the degree of impact at the individual level and how this affects higher levels, such as populations and ecosystems.

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Section: Op-mediated Modulation Of the Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Organophosphate-Pesticide-Mediated Immune Response Modulation in Invertebrates and Vertebrates

Bernal-González

Covantes-Rosales

Camacho-Pérez

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…(26) In addition, the phagocytic capacities of macrophages were significantly reduced in carbaryl and dimethoate treated cells. (40,41) The reduction in the number of active phagocyte cells in parathion treated animals may also lead to decreased natural resistance or innate immunity to infections. Our results are in agreement with those of Aly and El-Gendy.…”

Section: Hematological Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of Hematological and Immunological Parameters in Rabbits Treated with Parathion

El‐Gendy

Aly²

2011

Journal of High Institute of Public Health

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Background: Organophosphorus compounds (OP's) increase endogenous acetylcholine levels by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. Their suppression of the immune responses might be due to direct action of acetylcholine on the immune system. Objective: To investigate the effect of organophosphorus pesticide, parathion (0.2 mg/kg/day) for 14 consecutive days on the hematological parameters and the immune response of rabbits after different time intervals (1 hour, 24 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after the end of treatment). Materials and Methods: Blood samples were analyzed for hemoglobin content (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocytes and leukocytes. The cellular immunity was assessed by lymphocyte proliferation response to mitogens; phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and humoral immunity was measured by plaque-forming cell (PFC) generation and hemagglutination titer (HA). Also, nonspecific immunity was assayed by phagocytic activity. Results: They showed that parathion caused a significant increase of total leukocytes and monocytes, while blood erythrocytes, Hb and PCV were insignificantly reduced. Parathion caused a pronounced suppressive effect on the cellular immunity (lymphocyte proliferation response to PHA and LPS) and humoral immunity (PFC and HA). Also, a significant reduction in nonspecific immunity was observed. The suppressive effect of parathion on immune response was time dependent. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggested that the determinations of hematological and immunological parameters are useful tools for evaluating the toxic effects of parathion on animals.

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“…Mussel hemolymph has also been employed as a target for measuring the alteration of AChE activity induced by contaminants. Several studies have emphasized AChE inhibition in bivalves such as M. galloprovincialis [26][27] and M. edulis [28] as a biomarker in species exposed to organophosphates, carbamates and some heavy metals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification of acethylcholinesterase from the mollusc Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam. and investigation of its kinetic properties

Çelik¹,

Anil²,

Hasbal³

et al. 2019

jrp

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The role of acetylcholinesterase in terminating acetylcholine-mediated neurotransmission made it the focus of intense research. In this study the haemolymph Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from the mollusc Mytilus galloprovincialis was purified to homogeneity by (NH4)2SO4 fractional precipitation and affinity chromatography on edrophonium-Sepharose 6B. The enzyme was purified approximatedly 13 fold over the crude extract and was obtained in 3 % yield. The specific activity of purified enzyme was 3 U/mg protein. It had an optimum pH of 7.5 and showed optimal activity at 35 o C. Km and Vmax for acetylthiocholine iodide were 1.3 mM and 0.188 mM/mg/min, respectively. The purified enzyme migrated as a 51 000 dalton band during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing and reducing conditions. Three methoxyflavones were examined in order to evaluate their potential as anti-Alzheimer's Disease (AD) agents. All of the compounds were shown to be potent AChE inhibitors. Therefore, these compounds may have great value in the development of therapeutic and preventive agents for AD.

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The Use of Selected Biomarkers, Phagocytic and Cholinesterase Activity to Detect the Effects of Dimethoate on Marine Mussel ( Mytilus edulis )

Cited by 5 publications

References 42 publications

Organophosphate-Pesticide-Mediated Immune Response Modulation in Invertebrates and Vertebrates

Organophosphate-Pesticide-Mediated Immune Response Modulation in Invertebrates and Vertebrates

Alteration of Hematological and Immunological Parameters in Rabbits Treated with Parathion

Purification of acethylcholinesterase from the mollusc Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam. and investigation of its kinetic properties

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