Thermogravimetric and Calorimetric Characteristics of Alternative Fuel in Terms of Its Use in Low-Temperature Pyrolysis

Stępień, Paweł; Pulka, Jakub; Serowik, Małgorzata; Białowiec, Andrzej

doi:10.1007/s12649-017-0169-6

Cited by 21 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The experimental torrefaction unit used for the SS was described in detail by Stępień et al, [39]. To ensure that the inert atmosphere was maintained, the CO 2 gas was introduced from the bottom of the reactor at a rate of 0.6 mL·min −1 .…”

Section: Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Torrefaction of Sewage Sludge: Kinetics and Fuel Properties of Biochars

et al. 2019

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We propose a 'Waste to Carbon' thermal transformation of sewage sludge (SS) via torrefaction to a valuable product (fuel) with a high content of carbon. One important, technological aspect to develop this concept is the determination of activation energy needed for torrefaction. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate the kinetics of SS torrefaction and determine the effects of process temperature on fuel properties of torrefied products (biochars). Torrefaction was performed using high ash content SS at six (200~300 • C) temperatures and 60 min residence (process) time. Mass loss during torrefaction ranged from 10~20%. The resulting activation energy for SS torrefaction was 12.007 kJ·mol −1 . Initial (unprocessed) SS higher heating value (HHV) was 13.5 MJ·kg −1 . However, the increase of torrefaction temperature decreased HHV from 13.4 to 3.8 MJ·kg −1 . Elemental analysis showed a significant decrease of the H/C ratio that occurred during torrefaction, while the O/C ratio fluctuated with much smaller differences. Although the activation energy was significantly lower compared with lignocellulosic materials, low-temperature SS torrefaction technology could be explored for further SS stabilization and utilization (e.g., dewatering and hygienization). Energies 2019, 12, 565 2 of 10 J.A.K.; validation, J.P., A.B., J.A.K.; investigation, J.P.; resources, J.P., A.B., P.M.; data curation, A.B., J.A.K.; writing-original draft preparation, J.P., A.B.; writing-review and editing, A.B., P.M., J.A.K.; visualization, J.P., A.B., J.A.K.; supervision, A.B., P.M., J.A.K.

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Section: Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Torrefaction of Sewage Sludge: Kinetics and Fuel Properties of Biochars

et al. 2019

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“…O-oxygen content, %; C-carbon content, %; H-hydrogen content, %; N-nitrogen content, %; S-sulfur content, %; Ash-ash content, %. Atomic ratios for H:C and O:C were determined using Equations (7) and (8) [34]:…”

Section: Ultimate Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Properties of Torrefied Biomass from Pruning of Oxytree

Świechowski

Liszewski²,

Bąbelewski³

et al. 2019

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The very fast growing Oxytree (Paulownia Clon in Vitro 112) is marketed as a promising new energy crop. The tree has characteristically large leaves, thrives in warmer climates, and requires initial pruning for enhanced biomass production in later years. We explored valorizing the waste biomass of initial (first year) pruning via thermal treatment. Specifically, we used torrefaction (‘roasting’) to produce biochar with improved fuel properties. Here for the first time, we examined and summarized the fuel properties data of raw biomass of Oxytree pruning and biochars generated via torrefaction. The effects of torrefaction temperature (200~300 °C), process time (20~60 min), soil type, and agro-technical cultivation practices (geotextile and drip irrigation) on fuel properties of the resulting biochars were summarized. The dataset contains results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) as well as proximate and ultimate analyses of Oxytree biomass and generated biochars. The presented data are useful in determining Oxytree torrefaction reaction kinetics and further techno-economical modeling of the feasibility of Oxytree valorization via torrefaction. Oxytree torrefaction could be exploited as part of valorization resulting from a synergy between a high yield crop with the efficient production of high-quality renewable fuel.

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“…Torrefaction (low-temperature pyrolysis,~200 to 300 • C) has shown to produce fuel quality biochars from a flammable fraction of municipal solid waste [29][30][31] or sewage sludge [32,33]. Torrefaction requires significantly less energy to produce biochar than pyrolysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Biochar Addition on the Biogas Production Kinetics from the Anaerobic Digestion of Brewers’ Spent Grain

et al. 2019

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Biochar (BC) addition is a novel and promising method for biogas yield increase. Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) is an abundant organic waste with a large potential for biogas production. In this research, for the first time, we test the feasibility of increasing biogas yield and rate from BSG digestion by adding BC, which was produced from BSG via torrefaction (low-temperature pyrolysis). Furthermore, we explore the digestion of BSG with the presence BCs produced from BSG via torrefaction (low-temperature pyrolysis). The proposed approach creates two alternative waste-to-energy and waste-to-carbon type utilization pathways for BSG: (1) digestion of BSG waste to produce biogas and (2) torrefaction of BSG to produce BC used for digestion. Torrefaction extended the short utility lifetime of BSG waste turned into BC. BSG was digested in the presence of BC with BC to BSG + BC weight ratio from 0 to 50%. The study was conducted during 21 days under mesophilic conditions in n = 3 trials. The content of dry mass 17.6% in all variants was constant. The kinetics results for pure BSG (0% BC) were: reaction rate constant (k) 1.535 d−1, maximum production of biogas (B0) 92.3 dm3∙kg−1d.o.m. (d.o.m. = dry organic matter), and biogas production rate (r), 103.1 dm3∙kg−1d.o.m.∙d−1. his preliminary research showed that the highest (p < 0.05) r, 227 dm3∙kg−1d.o.m.∙d−1 was due to the 5% BC addition. This production rate was significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared with all other treatments (0, 1, 3, 8, 10, 20, 30, and 50% BC dose). Due to the high variability observed between replicates, no significant differences could be detected between all the assays amended with BC and the variant 0% BC. However, a significant decrease of B0 from 85.1 to 61.0 dm3∙kg−1d.o.m. in variants with the high biochar addition (20–50% BC) was observed in relation to 5% BC (122 dm3∙kg−1d.o.m.), suggesting that BC overdose inhibits biogas production from the BSG + BC mixture. The reaction rate constant (k) was not improved by BC, and the addition of 10% and 20% BC even decreased k relatively to the 0% variant. A significant decrease of k was also observed for the doses of 10%, 20%, and 30% when compared with the 5% BC (1.89 d−1) assays.

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Thermogravimetric and Calorimetric Characteristics of Alternative Fuel in Terms of Its Use in Low-Temperature Pyrolysis

Cited by 21 publications

References 21 publications

Torrefaction of Sewage Sludge: Kinetics and Fuel Properties of Biochars

Torrefaction of Sewage Sludge: Kinetics and Fuel Properties of Biochars

Fuel Properties of Torrefied Biomass from Pruning of Oxytree

The Effect of Biochar Addition on the Biogas Production Kinetics from the Anaerobic Digestion of Brewers’ Spent Grain

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