Transient changes in the power output from the concentration difference cell (dialytic battery) between seawater and river water

Suda, Fujio; Matsuo, Takashi; Ushioda, D.

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2006.04.005

Cited by 44 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Pattle reported the first RED experiments [1,2] and achieved a power density (power per square meter membrane) of 0.05 W/m 2 . Weinstein and Leitz achieved 0.17 W/m 2 [8], Audinos 0.40 W/m 2 [10,11], Jagur-Grodzinski and Kramer 0.41 W/m 2 [9], Turek and Bandura 0.46 W/m 2 [12], and Suda et al 0.26 W/m 2 [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse electrodialysis: A validated process model for design and optimization

Veerman¹,

Saakes²,

Metz³

et al. 2011

Chemical Engineering Journal

221

172

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse electrodialysis: A validated process model for design and optimization

Veerman¹,

Saakes²,

Metz³

et al. 2011

Chemical Engineering Journal

221

172

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“…He used a stack fitted with 11 anionic and 10 cationic membranes and obtained a maximum power density of 400 mW/m 2 . Suda et al (2007) conducted an experimental study on a reverse electrodialysis cell that consisted of 29 ion exchange membrane pairs; the highest power density obtained was 259 mW/m 2 . Recently, Veerman et al (2009a) studied the power density of an optimized reverse electrodialysis cell with 50 ion exchange membrane pairs, and a power density of 930 mW/m 2 was achieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power generation from concentration gradient by reverse electrodialysis in ion-selective nanochannels

Kim

Duan

Chen

et al. 2010

Microfluid Nanofluid

363

310

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In an aqueous solution, the surface of inorganic nanochannels acquires charges from ionization, ion adsorption, and ion dissolution. These surface charges draw counter-ions toward the surface and repel co-ions. In the presence of a concentration gradient, counter-ions are transported through nanochannels much more easily than co-ions, which results in a net charge migration of one type of ions. The Gibbs free energy of mixing, which forces ion diffusion, thus can be converted into electrical energy by using inorganic ion-selective nanochannels. Silica nanochannels with heights of 4, 26, and 80 nm were used in this study. We experimentally investigated the power generation from these nanochannels placed between two potassium chloride solutions with various combinations of concentrations. The power generation per unit channel volume increases when the concentration gradient increases, and also increases as channel height decreases. The highest power density measured was 7.7 W/m 2 . Our data also indicate that the energy conversion efficiency and the ion selectivity increase with a decrease of concentrations and channel height. The best efficiency obtained was 31%. Power generation from concentration gradients in inorganic ion-selective nanochannels could be used in a variety of applications, including micro batteries and micro power generators.

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“…These tubular pores are themselves porous at the nanometer scale, and there is also connectivity across the C phases. This porous structure can have similar properties to a semipermeable membrane, whereby two parallel C tubular pores with different concentrations of soluble metals can act as a galvanic cell [22]. Most biochars contain redox active Fe and Mn-based minerals, and many of these redox active minerals exist as nanophase particles [5] often in a number of oxidation states.…”

Section: The Electrochemical Properties Of Biochars Summary Of Litermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Electrochemical Properties of Biochars and How They Affect Soil Redox Properties and Processes

et al. 2015

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Biochars are complex heterogeneous materials that consist of mineral phases, amorphous C, graphitic C, and labile organic molecules, many of which can be either electron donors or acceptors when placed in soil. Biochar is a reductant, but its electrical OPEN ACCESSAgronomy 2015, 5 323 and electrochemical properties are a function of both the temperature of production and the concentration and composition of the various redox active mineral and organic phases present. When biochars are added to soils, they interact with plant roots and root hairs, micro-organisms, soil organic matter, proteins and the nutrient-rich water to form complex organo-mineral-biochar complexes Redox reactions can play an important role in the development of these complexes, and can also result in significant changes in the original C matrix. This paper reviews the redox processes that take place in soil and how they may be affected by the addition of biochar. It reviews the available literature on the redox properties of different biochars. It also reviews how biochar redox properties have been measured and presents new methods and data for determining redox properties of fresh biochars and for biochar/soil systems.

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Transient changes in the power output from the concentration difference cell (dialytic battery) between seawater and river water

Cited by 44 publications

References 6 publications

Reverse electrodialysis: A validated process model for design and optimization

Reverse electrodialysis: A validated process model for design and optimization

Power generation from concentration gradient by reverse electrodialysis in ion-selective nanochannels

The Electrochemical Properties of Biochars and How They Affect Soil Redox Properties and Processes

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