Uptake of atrazine in a paddy crop activates an epigenetic mechanism for degrading the pesticide in plants and environment

Advance in Methodology and Strategies To Unveil Metabolic Mechanisms of Pesticide Residues in Food Crops

“…The homogenization techniques need to be assessed prior to any additional extraction pretreatment to achieve a material balance. Often the homogenization technique and processes, such as rehydration of dry commodities, may be required prior to any typical solvent extraction; for organs, such as fresh leaves or roots, with a higher water content, liquid nitrogen can be used for homogenization, and then organic solvents can be added immediately to stop the activity of plant metabolic enzymes. ,,− ,, Moreover, extraction and cleanup of metabolites in plant samples are extremely important for their qualitative and quantitative determination. Stanley and Thornton analyzed pesticide baygon and its metabolites in samples of plant tissues using liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and silica gel column purification .…”

“…Goggin et al used cold 100% methanol to extract the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) metabolites in wild radish and separated the metabolites from the concentrated sample by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) . In recent years, the commonly used pretreatment methods are solvent extraction–SPE purification and QuEChERS. ,,− ,, This perspective focuses on these two methods.…”

“…The transformation principles of pesticides in plants are of great significance in the study of pesticide residues, food safety, weed resistance and pesticide safeners. − When plants are exposed to pesticides, particularly herbicides, numerous biological responses occur in response to this abiotic stress, which, in turn, affects the expression of genes encoding metabolic enzymes. , Transcriptome and other technologies have been used to mine genes related to plant metabolism of pesticides. , At present, the most widely used approaches concern the construction of plant or yeast transformants that overexpress and underexpress (via knock out or silencing) the target gene as well as targeted research through in vitro proteins and protoplasts (Figure ). − The complexity of the plant matrix and the polarity and stability of the metabolites need to be carefully considered to determine pesticide metabolites in plants . In general, samples of plant origin contain complex matrix components, including glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, aromatics, alkaloids, etc., which require cleanup prior to the analysis of pesticide metabolites …”

Ameliorative effects of endogenous and exogenous indole-3-acetic acid on atrazine stressed paddy field cyanobacterial biofertilizer Cylindrospermum stagnale

“…The high concentration of atrazine in agricultural field soil (0.002–0.015 mg/kg 4 may represent a serious human health hazard because of the potential carcinogenic effects of triazines 5 . Due to its high mobility, it runoffs from these fields and also contaminates the water bodies in which its concentration may range from 0.1 to 180 μg/l 6 . As per World Health Organization (WHO), the concentration of atrazine should not exceed 2 μg/l 7 .…”

Utilization ofrGO‐PEI‐supportedAgNPsfor sensitive recognition of deltamethrin in human plasma samples: A new platform for the biomedical analysis of pesticides in human biofluids

“…15 Human acute poisoning by insecticides can occur through direct exposure to chemical pesticides such as farmers or people living on around of agricultural land area, or chronically through toxic compounds left in agricultural products or environmental elements such as water, soil, and air. 7,16 Toxicity from pesticides may affect the whole organism or lead to its destruction through the structural and functional subunits of the organism and interference with the vital processes of the cell. 17 Insecticides, in addition to being harmful to human health, in most cases have the ability to cause changes in the ecosystem and environment.…”