Waste Animal Bone as a Novel Layered Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Transesterification of Biodiesel

Chingakham, Ch.; Tiwary, Chandra S.; Sajith, V.

doi:10.1007/s10562-019-02696-9

Cited by 45 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…1(c)), and the biodiesel yield decreased with the increment of M:O and FAP concentrations. A similar observation has been reported by Chingakham et al ., 40 who attributed it to the possible saturation of methanol with catalyst. Methanol is important because it stimulates the formation of methoxy anions on the catalyst surface, shifting the transesterification reaction towards the forward direction, and consequently enhances the biodiesel production 43 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…One of the major bottlenecks in the heterogeneous catalyzed transesterification process is that it is a three‐phase system: hydrophilic methanol and hydrophobic WFO liquid reactants and the FAP catalyst. A relatively elongated reaction time is recommendable to accomplish the reaction 40 . Increasing the mixing rate overcomes such a drawback by decreasing the mass transfer limitation and increasing the reactants’ interacting homogeneity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Animal bone affluence in environmental reclamation: Biodiesel production, petro‐diesel biodesulfurization and wastewater photo‐treatment

Nassar

Ismail

El‐Salamony

et al. 2021

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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This study provides a new emphasis for research on the valorization of biowastes into nanocatalyst and biorefineries to be integrated with petroleum bioupgrading and polluted water treatment. The response surface optimized batch transesterification of waste‐frying oil using methanol and sustainable animal bone valorized fluorapatite nanocatalyst (FAP) yielded approximately 97% biodiesel via a pseudo‐second‐order reaction with an efficient rate of 0.48 (mol L−1)−1min−1 and activation energy of 13.11 kJ mol−1. In a pioneering step, by‐products of the starch industry and the biodiesel transesterification process; corn‐steep liquor (CSL 0.2 g L−1) and bioglycerol (6.24 g L−1) as nitrogen and carbon sources, increased the dibenzothiophene biodesulfurization (BDS) efficiency of a novel biodesulfurizing Rhodococcus jialingiae strain HN3 (NCBI Gene Bank Accession No. MN173539) sixfold. Further, upon the application of such bioproducts in a batch BDS process (1/3 petro‐diesel/water) of 96 h; HN3 desulfurized 82.26% of 0.62 wt.% sulfur without affecting the petro‐diesel calorific value. In an attempt to reach zero waste, an auxiliary pioneering step was performed, where the spent waste FAP, after being efficiently used for four successive transesterification cycles, was applied to photo‐remediate 4‐nitrophenol polluted water under UV‐irradiation. Advantageously, the fresh and spent waste FAP recorded the same photodegradation capabilities. Where they obeyed the Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model (R2 ≥ 0.966) recording the same rate constants (kapp 0.032 min−1) and were efficiently reused for four successive polluted‐water treatment cycles. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal bone affluence in environmental reclamation: Biodiesel production, petro‐diesel biodesulfurization and wastewater photo‐treatment

Nassar

Ismail

El‐Salamony

et al. 2021

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…12). 116 The yields of biodiesel for the catalysts produced by the hydrothermal method and calcination were 96% and 88%, respectively.…”

Section: Catalytic Applications Of Bone Waste‐based Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Low‐cost and sustainable (nano)catalysts derived from bone waste: catalytic applications and biofuels production

Nasrollahzadeh

Bidgoli

Shafiei

et al. 2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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The application of (bio)wastes as alternatives to expensive existing catalysts is an approach that can be used to reduce environmental pollution problems. Animal bone wastes have attracted much attention as environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalysts for chemical transformations such as transesterification, oxidation, and biofuel production, owing to the substantial availability of valuable hydroxyapatite (HAp) in their structure. Most catalysts based on bone can be prepared easily by calcination. High-temperature calcination yields highly active catalysts. Heterogeneous catalysts prepared from these renewable sources could also simply be reused and recovered without any important loss of catalytic performance. This paper reviews past efforts and recent progress on the development of different eco-friendly catalysts derived from bone waste and some of their catalyzed chemical transformations. However, future challenges focus on crediting the conversion of unusable wastes to valuable sources to meet global requirements

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“…A lot of the used waste materials typically contain various alkali metal compounds that act as basic catalysts after calcination of the substance (Pandit and Fulekar, 2019). Many researchers have used waste substances such as spent coffee powder (Nguyen et al, 2020), crab shell (Madhu et al, 2016), egg shell (Santya et al, 2019), fish bone (Tan et al, 2019), waste animal bones (Chingakham et al, 2019), sea shell (Jaiyen et al, 2015), modified bauxite with Li 2 CO 3 (Dai et al, 2019) and ceramics wastes (Dai et al, 2018a) to produce catalysts. Subsequent to calcination of the mentioned substances, they have used active CaO or MgO as the basic catalysts or a base for the catalyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-cost biodiesel production using waste oil and catalyst

2020

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With the production of renewable biofuels, concerns about the end of fossil fuels have been partially eliminated. On the other hand, the utilization of low-cost and waste materials to provide the raw essential substances to manufacture these fuels is of paramount importance. Biodiesel is one of these fuels and the required raw materials for the reaction are oil (triglycerides), alcohol and catalyst. In this work, travertine stone powder (as waste in the manufacture of building materials) was used as a catalyst and waste frying oil as a source of triglyceride for biodiesel production. Using thermogravimetric and X-ray diffraction analysis, optimum temperature for catalyst calcination was selected at 900°C. Furthermore, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses were performed. Using the design of experiments Response Surface Methodology, the optimum reaction conditions for biodiesel production yield of 97.74% were: reaction temperature 59.52°C (~60°C), time 3.8 h (228 min), catalyst concentration 1.36 wt.% and the methanol to oil molar ratio of 11:6. After reusing four times, the catalyst efficiency was reduced a little, and the biodiesel yield was 89.84%, indicating high strength and stability of the catalyst.

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Waste Animal Bone as a Novel Layered Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Transesterification of Biodiesel

Cited by 45 publications

References 33 publications

Animal bone affluence in environmental reclamation: Biodiesel production, petro‐diesel biodesulfurization and wastewater photo‐treatment

Animal bone affluence in environmental reclamation: Biodiesel production, petro‐diesel biodesulfurization and wastewater photo‐treatment

Low‐cost and sustainable (nano)catalysts derived from bone waste: catalytic applications and biofuels production

Low-cost biodiesel production using waste oil and catalyst

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